Coat protein complex II (COPII) mediates formation of the membrane vesicles that export newly synthesised proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. The inner COPII proteins bind to cargo and membrane, linking them to the outer COPII components that form a cage around the vesicle. Regulated flexibility in coat architecture is essential for transport of a variety of differently sized cargoes, but ...

Inwardly rectifying K+ channels bind intracellular magnesium and polyamines to generate inward rectification. We have examined the architecture of the inner pore of Kir2.1 channels by covalently attaching a constrained number (from one to four) of positively charged moieties of different sizes to the channel. Our results indicate that the inner pore is formed solely by the second transmembrane ...

This paper presents a sequential loop closure approach to designing a velocity and altitude tracking autopilot for a hypersonic vehicle. The control architecture consists of two decoupled control subsystems, one for velocity, the other for altitude. The velocity control subsystem consists of an adaptive augmented baseline controller. The altitude control subsystem consists of an adaptive inner-...

Abstract — A mixed-mode inner-product vector processor is presented. It performs high-dimensional matrix-vector multiplication on a fine-grain analog array and has a purely-digital interface. The array incorporates charge-mode analog computational cells and row-parallel analog-to-digital converters (ADC). Each of the cells includes a dynamic storage element and a charge injection device computi...

Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae remains a major human health concern. V. cholerae has a characteristic curved rod morphology, with a longer outer face and a shorter inner face. The mechanism and function of this curvature were previously unknown. Here, we identify and characterize CrvA, the first curvature determinant in V. cholerae. CrvA self-assembles into filaments at the inner face of cell curva...

Aging is one of the most fundamental, yet least understood biological processes that affect all forms of eukaryotic life. Mitochondria are intimately involved in aging, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Electron cryotomography of whole mitochondria from the aging model organism Podospora anserina revealed profound age-dependent changes in membrane architecture. With i...

In magnetic recording channels, a standard code architecture consists of an outer Reed-Solomon code in concatenation with an inner parity code. The inner parity code is used to detect and correct commonly occurring error events. Generally, a parity code with short block length performs better, as multiple error events within one block and, consequently, miscorrection are less likely. In this pa...

Every cell in our body originates from the pluripotent inner mass of the embryo, yet it is unknown how biomechanical forces allocate inner cells in vivo. Here we discover subcellular heterogeneities in tensile forces, generated by actomyosin cortical networks, which drive apical constriction to position the first inner cells of living mouse embryos. Myosin II accumulates specifically around con...

The synthesis and characterization of a new class of cationic (NHC)gold(I) (NHC = N-Heterocyclic carbene) complex containing the phosphate counterions TRISPHAT and TRISPHAT-N have been achieved. The selection of the appropriate hexacoordinated phosphate architecture permits the isolation of complexes bearing an inner or outer sphere anionic counterion.

The first hexagonal octadecanuclear Ag macrocycle [Ag(18)(TTTMB)(12)](NO(3))(18)·30H(2)O has been hydrothermally synthesized. The outside and inner diameters of the unprecedented architecture are about 27.72(13) Å and 15.37(7) Å, respectively. This complex displays a huge increase in the intensity and lifetime of phosphorescence with decreasing temperature.