where the Ai . 0 and 21 , ai , 1 for i 1⁄4 1; . . . ; p. By a logarithmic change of coordinates, equation (2) is converted to a difference equation of type (1), and it can be concluded from Corollary 2.4 that (2) converges to maxA 1=ð12aiÞ i for all positive initial conditions. Max-type difference equations have been considered by a number of authors, including [1–9,11–14]. Ladas poses an inter...

This paper presents an inverse method for inferring trace gas fluxes at high temporal (daily) and spatial (model grid) resolution from continuous atmospheric concentration measurements. The method is designed for regional applications and for use in intensive campaigns. We apply the method to a one month inversion of fluxes over Europe. We show that the information added by the measurements dep...

A non-autonomous oscillator with unilateral constraint is modelled using the nonstandard analysis. Existence and continuous dependence on initial conditions is obtained.

A meadow is a commutative ring with an inverse operator satisfying 0 = 0. We determine the initial algebra of the meadows of characteristic 0 and show that its word problem is decidable.

We investigate the global behavior of a quadratic second order difference equation xnþ1 1⁄4 Axn þ Bxnxn 1 þ Cx 2 n 1 þ Dxn þ Exn 1 þ F; n 1⁄4 0;1; . . . with non-negative parameters and initial conditions. We find the global behavior for all ranges of parameters and determine the basins of attraction of all equilibrium points. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

We consider a baryogenesis scenario, where the difference of baryon (B) and lepton (L) number is conserved in such a way that the B−L asymmetry in the standard model sector is compensated by an asymmetry of opposite sign stored in the dark energy sector. Therefore, we introduce a toy-model in which a complex quintessence field carries a B−L asymmetry at late times. We determine the produced bar...

Spherically symmetric thin shell in the presence of a cosmological constant are constructed, applying the Darmois-Israel formalism. An equation governing the behavior of the radial pressure across the junction surface is deduced. The cosmological constant term slows down the collapse of matter. The spherical N-shell model with an appropriate initial condition imitates the FRW universe with Λ = ...

We study the Affleck-Dine mechanism with various types of the Kähler potential, and investigate whether or not the Affleck-Dine field could acquire a large VEV as an initial condition for successful baryogenesis. In addition to a negative Hubble-induced mass term, we find that large enough Hubble-induced A-terms could also develop the minimum at large amplitude of the field. Therefore, the Affl...

FACE data is used with a compartmental carbon forest model to obtain information in the form of cumulative distributions and estimates of carbon transfer parameters in the face of uncertainties in initial conditions, flux inputs, and environmental observations. An assessment of the data is conducted to determine its effectiveness in inversion. Predictions are made of future carbon pools sizes b...

Social choice models usually assume that choice is among exogenously given and non decomposable alternatives. Often, on the contrary, choice is among objects that are constructed by individuals or institutions as complex bundles made of many interdependent components. In this paper we present a model of object construction in majority voting and show that, in general, by appropriate changes of ...