background: dose calculation algorithms play a very important role in predicting the explicit dose distribution. we evaluated the percent depth dose (pdd), lateral depth dose profile, and surface dose volume histogram in inhomogeneous media using calculation algorithms and inhomogeneity correction methods. materials and methods: the homogeneous and inhomogeneous virtual slab phantoms used in th...

A theory of the nonlinear growth and propagation of magnetic islands in the semi-collisional regime is presented. The theory includes the effects of finite electron temperature gradients and uses a fluid model with cold ions in slab geometry to describe islands that are unmagnetized in the sense that their width is less than ρs, the ion Larmor radius calculated with the electron temperature. Th...

New unstable temperature gradient driven modes in an inhomogeneous plasma are identified. These modes represent transient ω ≃ k‖v (e,i) th sound oscillations in magnetized plasma that are kinetically destabilized via Landau interactions. Electron and ion sound branches are unstable for large values of the Larmor radius parameter k⊥ρe,i ≫ 1, respectively. The instability occurs due to a specific...

Interaction of an electromagnetic wave and an inhomogeneous plasma slab with electron distribution in the form of partially linear and sinusoidal profiles is analysed to determine new reflection, absorbtion and transmission characteristics. Broadband and tunable absorbtion performance of the plasma layer accompanied with narrowband reflection characteristic is presented as the function of elect...