1. The airway and metabolic responses to an intravenous beta 2-agonist salbutamol have been investigated in normal subjects before and after chronic administration of inhaled salbutamol, 1600 micrograms daily for 2 weeks. 2. Before chronic inhalation of salbutamol there was a dose-dependent increase in specific airway conductance after intravenous salbutamol in cumulative doses from 25 to 300 m...

AIMS To assess the effects due to an uncomplicated acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) on the pharmacokinetics and glucose response of insulin when delivered by oral pulmonary absorption. METHODS Normally healthy adult men (n = 11) and women (n = 9) received a single dose of inhaled human insulin, equivalent to approximately 6 IU subcutaneous, using the AERx insulin Diabetes Manage...

The discovery of insulin at the beginning of this century was a major breakthrough in medicine, and initiated a new era in our understanding and treatment of diabetes. Nonetheless, diabetic patients who require insulin are still confronted with the discomfort of multiple subcutaneous injections or continuous insulin infusions. Recently, Moller’s group (1) has discovered a small molecule that bi...

T echnosphere Insulin (TI) is a formulation of regular human insulin (RHI) that provides efficient pulmonary administration (1) and demonstrates unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties compared with subcutaneous RHI, rapid-acting insulin analogs, and other inhaled insulins (2). Administration of TI results in a time to maximum insulin concentration of 15 min, with almost complete ...

BACKGROUND Common deterrents to insulin therapy for both physicians and patients are the complexity and burden of daily injections. In January 2006, the first inhaled human insulin (INH, Exubera (insulinhuman [rDNA origin])InhalationPowder) was approved for use in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United States and European Union. Resu...

Inhalational insulin was withdrawn from the market due to its potential to produce airway hyper-reactivity and bronchoconstriction. So, the present study was designed to explore the acute effects of insulin on airway reactivity of guinea pigs and protective effects of salbutamol and ipratropium against insulin induced airway hyperresponsiveness on isolated tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig. ...

Insulin first became available for use in 1922 after Banting and Best successfully treated diabetic patients with pancreatic extracts.10 In an attempt to more closely simulate physiologic conditions, additional “designer” insulins with unique kinetic properties have been developed, including a rapid-acting basal insulin that mimics baseline insulin secretion known as lispro.67,140 Several oral ...

Diabetes mellitus is a significant worldwide health problem, with the incidence of type 2 diabetes increasing at alarming rates. Insulin resistance and dysregulated blood glucose control are established risk factors for microvascular complications and cardiovascular disease. Despite the recognition of diabetes as a major health issue and the availability of a growing number of medications desig...

Barriers to the use of prandial insulin regimens include inadequate synchronization of insulin action to postprandial plasma glucose excursions as well as a significant risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Technosphere® insulin (TI) is an inhaled ultra-rapid-acting human insulin that is quickly absorbed in the alveoli. With a time to maximum plasma drug concentration of approximately 14 min an...