The theory and instrumentation for Fourier transform infrared spectrometry are discussed. These instruments measure infrared spectra of the same quality as spectra measured on grating spectrometers in about one thousandth of the time. Their sensitivity advantage for spectra measured in equal times is between a factor of 10 and 100. Commercial spectrometers are now available from nine vendors in...

Over the last decade Raman spectroscopy has become established as a physicochemical technique for the rapid identification of microbes. This powerful analytical method generates a spectroscopic fingerprint from the microbial sample, which provides quantitative and qualitative information that can be used to characterize, discriminate and identify microorganisms, in both bacteria slurry and at t...

Concentration changes of haemoglobin and cytochromes indicative of tissue perfusion and oxygenation can be quantitatively evaluated from near-infrared (NIR) measurements of absorption and optical pathlength through tissue. The accuracy of such measurements is limited as current bedside instrumentation cannot measure optical pathlength. Using a recently developed phase-resolved spectroscopic tec...

The instrumentation and performance of the new infrared beamline U12IR at the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory is described. This beamline utilizes infrared synchrotron radiation from a bending magnet. A combination of beamline design features and spectroscopic instrumentation allows the facility to reach the extremely low frequency limit of ;2 cm ~i.e., 60 GH...

The Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) instrument for NASA’s James Webb Space telescope (JWST) is one of four science instruments to be installed into the integrated science instrument module (ISIM) on JWST for the purpose of conducting scientific observations over a five year mission lifetime. NIRCam is required to operate at 37 Kelvin to produce high resolution images in two-wave bands ranging fro...

This paper is a report of new musical instrument/ interface in which the main concept is "untouchable". I will report on not only the system design but also on the performances as applications. The new musical instrument/interface is constructed with infrared rays distance sensors and optical distance sensors. In attending some concerts of computer music in the past, I was inspired with perform...

Based on the technology of near-infrared spectroscopy, a novel nearinfrared moisture content determination instrument has been developed with three laser diodes of different wavelengths as light source, with one InGaAs detector as determination device, and with integrating sphere as sample holding device. Besides, LabVIEW virtual instrument program was employed for development of its operation ...

The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric ChartograpHY (SCIAMACHY) operates in eight channels covering the UV, the visible and two infrared regions. Recent developments in the testing of the instrument now enable not only the full use of channel 1 (240 nm-314 nm) at a required high level of performance but also its extension to 220 nm. This instrumental improvement allows new...

An important parameter that defines the effectiveness and efficiency of any optical or infrared sky survey is the atmospheric characteristics of the observing site. Of prime importance is the sky spectral brightness, which determines the sensitivities and the observing time required to complete a particular survey. This paper presents observations of the near-infrared sky spectral brightness me...

The cosmic infrared background records much of the radiant energy released by processes of structure formation that have occurred since the decoupling of matter and radiation following the Big Bang. In the past few years, data from the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) mission provided the first measurements of this background, with additional constraints coming from studies of the attenuation ...