MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding regulatory RNAs molecules with a size of approximately 22 nucleotides that are implicated in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional regulatory levels. Inflammatory disorders especially autoimmune diseases (ADs) occur from an abnormal immune response of body against cells of their own specific tissues or multiple organ systems leading to ch...

Shiga toxins (Stxs) are bacterial virulence factors produced by Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and Escherichia coli strains. Stxs are critical factors for the development of diseases such as severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Additionally, Stxs trigger the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, particularly in monocytes or macrophages. The inflammatory cyto...

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic role of diosmetin in periodontitis and its probable mechanism action.Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce periodontal cells. Cell viability apoptosis response LPS were evaluated using MTT TUNEL assays. The oxidative stress inflammatory responses LPS-induced effects cells detected enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, role...

Arnica montana, of the family Asteraceae, is used for its anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties, especially bruises, tissue injuries other traumas. However, cellular molecular mechanisms are not yet fully known. Its main active ingredient helenalin, a sesquiterpene lactone, known as one ingredients Asteraceae species. The aim this study was to investigate cell proliferation, activity h...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a common reason of brain tissue loss as a result of tumors, accidents, and surgeries. renewal of the brain parenchyma is restricted by many reasons such as inimical substances produced as the result of trauma and also inflammatory responses. a strong cascade of inflammatory responses begins as a result of tbi which include recalling peripheral leukocytes into the...

Introduction  Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) which is produced in abundance in the normal adult liver, is deeply involved in hepatocyte survival, growth, and differentiation during liver development. IGF-I plays the roles via the receptor (IGF-IR) signaling pathway. IGF-IR unlike IGF-I is expressed strongly in the developing liver, but much more weakly in adults. Objective:  We hypothesi...

The body relies for protection on an effective inflammatory response. To sustain an armoury of inflammatory cells in a state of permanent activation would be impossible and a system whereby such cells can be rapidly activated is, therefore, employed. Upon transition from the resting to activated state inflammatory cells perform multiple defensive functions and are then removed, limiting the dur...

shiga toxins (stxs) are bacterial virulence factors produced by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and escherichia coli strains. stxs are critical factors for the development of diseases such as severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. additionally, stxs trigger the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, particularly in monocytes or macrophages. the inflammatory cyto...