background: inferior rectus recession, knapp procedure, partial tendon transposition, and combined procedure are different surgical procedures in the management of monocular elevation deficiency (med). only a few studies have been published on the management of this problem. in this study, we report our experience with patients with med focusing on the indications and types of surgery in the so...

Dear Editor, Sub-Tenon’s anesthesia (STA) is widely used for regional orbital anesthesia. Complications of STA are rare but include inferior rectus muscle restriction [1-3]. There have been no reports of inferior rectus restriction after STA in Korea. We encountered a patient with inferior rectus muscle restriction after STA who eventually required surgical treatment and report the case herein....

BACKGROUND Infected sternotomy wounds occur in 0.5 to 8.4 percent of open heart operations. They are complex problems, with a mortality rate of 8.1 to 14.8 percent despite flap closure. For closure, the pectoralis major flap has had considerable success. However, in providing coverage to the lower third of the sternum, it may be deficient. Modifications to improve closure have included a rectus...

PURPOSE Describe surgical treatment and results in a group of patients diagnosed and operated on of fat adherence syndrome following inferior oblique surgery. PATIENTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective study of 6 cases diagnosed and treated of fat adherence syndrome following inferior oblique surgery. Mean age was 24.67 years (range, 5-41), 3 males, 5 unilateral and 1 bilateral. Mean vertic...

Deep sternal wound infection is a severe complication after open heart surgery. According to the different severity and dimensions of the deep sternal wound infection, the treatment method is different. In this study, we aimed to describe our experience with the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for large sternal wound management, especially when 1 or 2 internal mammary arteries were absent.Be...

To cite: Liao B, KamiyaMatsuoka C. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2014207749 DESCRIPTION A 44-year-old man with hyperlipidaemia and chronic hepatitis C infection presented with a 48 h history of diplopia and occipital headaches. On neurological examination, he was alert and afebrile. There was right oculomotor palsy consisting of right medial rect...

PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility and stability of ocular alignment of single-stage adjustable strabismus surgery (SSASS) in restrictive strabismus. METHODS This was an observational case series comprising 12 patients with restrictive strabismus (mean age, 54.8 years) who were treated with SSASS using intravenous midazolam, fentanyl, and topical anesthesia. All were studied in a retrospecti...

The pattern of axonal terminations of individual premotoneuronal medium lead burst neurons (MLBs) has been elucidated with the help of the intraaxonal recording and horseradish peroxidase injection technique in alert behaving monkeys. These findings indicate that individual MLBs do not influence individual muscles; instead they influence groups of muscles. Horizontal medium lead burst neurons (...

PURPOSE To examine the number and distribution of muscle spindles in all extraocular muscles (EOMs) in humans. METHODS Thirty-six EOMs were obtained after death from three persons 67, 72, and 83 years of age. Serial sections were made throughout the length of these muscles. Consecutive sections were stained with different methods. To discriminate true spindles from false spindles, light micro...