BACKGROUND Observational and interventional evidence supports a relation between human schistosomiasis and anemia; however, the exact causal mechanisms remain unclear. Eggs translocating across the intestinal or bladder wall may result in extracorporeal blood loss with subsequent iron deficiency. Alternatively, anemia may result from cytokine-mediated dyserythropoiesis, as seen in anemia of inf...

background: coccidian infection in poultry is the most common infection in the world and is the cause of mortality and great economic losses in poultry production. objectives: this study was aimed to determine the frequency and eimeria species diversity in broiler farms of hamadan suburb, iran. methods: a total of 16 broiler farms were randomly selected with different production age in 2012. th...

In the province of Kracheh, in Northern Cambodia, a baseline epidemiological survey on Schistosoma mekongi was conducted along the Mekong River between December 1994 and April 1995. The results of household surveys of highly affected villages of the East and the West bank of the river and of school surveys in 20 primary schools are presented. In household surveys 1396 people were examined. An o...

Co-infections can alter the host immune responses and modify the intensity and dynamics of concurrent parasitic species. The extent of this effect depends on the properties of the system and the mechanisms of host-parasite and parasite-parasite interactions. We examined the immuno-epidemiology of a chronic co-infection to reveal the immune mediated relationships between two parasites colonising...

BACKGROUND The rate of development of parasite-specific immune responses can be studied by following their age profiles in exposed and infected hosts. This study determined the cytokine-age profiles of Zimbabweans resident in a Schistosoma haematobium endemic area and further investigated the relationship between the cytokine responses and infection intensity. METHODS Schistosome adult worm a...

The nitric oxide (NO) formation and intrinsic nitrosation may be involved in the possible mechanisms of liver fluke-associated carcinogenesis. We still do not know much about the responses of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induced by Clonorchis sinensis infection. This study was conducted to explore the pathological lesions and iNOS expressions in the liver of mice with different infection intens...

The two-type Richardson model describes the growth of two competing infections on Z and the main question is whether both infection types can simultaneously grow to occupy infinite parts of Z. For bounded initial configurations, this has been thoroughly studied. In this paper, an unbounded initial configuration consisting of points x = (x1, . . . , xd) in the hyperplane H = {x ∈ Z d : x1 = 0} i...

Medical image processing using MATLAB is used in medical field. The recently many technologies are used for the diagnosis of eye diseases like conjunctivitis to observe infection on eye. This paper Digital image processing (DIP) is applied for manual judgment by doctors to get better & fast result. The diagnosis of “Intensity of redness of pink Eye” i.e. “Conjunctivitis”; by identifying the reg...

BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are among the neglected tropical diseases in Africa. A national control program for these diseases was initiated in Uganda during March 2003. Annual treatment with praziquantel and albendazole was given to schoolchildren in endemic areas and to adults in selected communities where local prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in scho...

Acquired immunity against helminths is characterised by a complex interplay between the effector Th1 and Th2 immune responses and it slowly manifests with age as a result of cumulative exposure to parasite antigens. Data from experimental models suggest that immunity is also influenced by regulatory T cells (Treg), but as yet studies on Treg in human schistosome infections are limited. This stu...