The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen (air) into usable electrical energy. At the cathode (the positive electrode), a considerable amount of platinum is generally required to catalyse the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This has implications regarding the cost in high-power applications, and for making a broad commercial...

The electrooxidation of catechols, catecholamines and NADH at conventional electrode materials is generally characterized by high degrees of irreversibility as well as strong adsorption and, hence, fouling by reactants and/or products of the reactions. On the contrary, the rates of the electron transfer are highly catalysed by the use of conducting polymer films, such as poly(3-methylthiophene)...

Abstract A pouch cell method for retesting double-sided electrodes harvested from commercial lithium-ion batteries in a 3-electrode arrangement has been developed. By relying on pressure restraint plates to make tab electrical connections, this (1) requires no welding, (2) does not require dry room, (3) precision sealing equipment inside of an inert-gas glove box, and (4) removal composite mate...

The use of low frequency or DC (i.e., direct current) operation in the electroslag remelting process may lead to electrolysis some oxides slag pool, which will adversely affect cleanliness ingot. In order confirm this view, effect different power supply modes on oxygen content and inclusions ingot has been studied by adopting self-designed furnace as experimental equipment. pulse heating inert ...

The electrochemical behavior of dysprosium ions, as well and nickel ion co-reduction, on inert tungsten electrodes active were studied in the eutectic KCl-NaCl-CsCl melt at a temperature 823 K using methods cyclic square-wave voltammetry open circuit chronopotentiometry. process Dy3+ ions electroreduction was found to be reversible proceed within single three-electron stage up polarization rate...

Sequence of events DURING the 1999/2000 influenza outbreak, a 53-year-old man consulted because of a persistent productive cough that followed a flu-like illness. The patient was examined and prescribed erythromycin (Erymax® [Elan]) capsules. He made it very clear that he had a previous history of aspirin allergy and was reassured that there was no known cross-sensitivity between erythromycin a...

We construct a stochastic process whose drift is a function of the process’s local time at a reflecting barrier. The process arose as a model of the interactions of a Brownian particle and an inert particle in [7]. We construct and give asymptotic results for two different arrangements of inert particles and Brownian particles, and construct the analogous process in R.

Electroporation, the permeabilization of the cell membrane lipid bilayer due to a pulsed electric field, has important implications in the biotechnology, medicine, and food industries. Traditional macro and micro-electroporation devices have facing electrodes, and require significant potential differences to induce electroporation. The goal of this theoretical study is to investigate the feasib...

Delivery of pharmacological agents in vitro can often be a difficult, time consuming and costly process. In this paper, we describe an economical method for in vitro delivery using a hydrogel of poly hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) that can absorb up to 50% of its weight of any water-solubilized pharmacological agent. This agent will then passively diffuse into surrounding media upon applicat...