This is a literature review for the year 2015 and contains information specifically associated with suspended growth processes including activated sludge, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, and sequencing batch reactors. The review encompasses modeling and kinetics, nutrient removal, system design and operation. Compared to past reviews, many topics show increase in activity in 2015. These includ...

A thermophilic mixed population of bacteria, capable of utilizing methanol as its sole carbon-energy source at temperatures up to 65 C, was selected by enrichment and studied. A maximal cellular yield of 0.42 g per g of methanol was observed at 50 to 56 C. The maximal specific growth rate of the mixed population in continuous culture at 56 C was greater than 0.32 per h. The amino acid profile o...

Sirri Island is one of the most important islands in Iran where contains massive amounts of crude oil reservoirs and is a crude oil exporting and storage spot. Petroleum sludge wastes produced by the refineries are deposited in outdoor 2-ha open pits. 30 sludge samples from different depot locations were conducted in 3-time intervals and mixed with each other to form one homogenized sample. The...

Advocates of waste minimization seek to encourage this form of industrial waste management through economic incentives. A review of waste reduction activities between the midnineteenth century and 1970 demonstrates that the influences of pollution control legislation, technological innovation, and cost savings produced only limited achievements when enforced or promoted separately. when governm...

Many states in the US impose taxes on hazardous waste. This paper conducts an empirical evaluation of the determinants of these taxes and reviews earlier research on their effects on hazardous waste. Earlier studies have shown that the taxes affect waste management, but my results and other evidence suggest that the tax-induced changes may not have improved welfare. Taxes on industrial hazardou...

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is one of the key instruments for implementing sustainable development strategies in planning in general; in addition to being used in sectoral planning, it can also be used in other areas such as waste management planning. SEA in waste management planning has become a tool for considering the benefits and consequences of the proposed changes in space, a...