A mathematical model is presented for calculating the change in volume and sand-bypassing rate at ebb-tidal shoals. Conceptually and mathematically, the ebb-tidal shoal is distinguished from bypassing bars that emerge from it and from attachment bars where the bypassing bars merge with the beach. The volumes and bypassing rates of these morphologic entities are calculated by analogy to a reserv...

This is the second of two papers on the 3D numerical modeling of nearshore hydroand morphodynamics. In Part I, the focus was on surf and swash zone hydrodynamics in the cross-shore and longshore directions. Here, we consider nearshore processes with an emphasis on the effects of oceanic forcing and beach characteristics on sediment transport in the crossand longshore directions, as well as on f...

Background Infertility and fertility decline are quite a conundrum for medicine, rampant among 10-15 percent of couples. In about 40 percent of cases, men are the main culprit. Since sperm production disorders are the focal cause of man infertility, insights into these disorders and taking action to ameliorate the situation is quite vital. The current study concentrates on infertility due to sp...