We review physically-motivated studies of bacterial near-surface motility driven by flagella and type IV pili (TfP) in the context of biofilm formation. We describe the motility mechanisms that individual bacteria deploying flagella and TfP use to move on and near surfaces, and discuss how the interactions of motility appendages with fluid and surfaces promote motility, attachment and dispersal...

BACKGROUND Sperm motility is regulated by mitochondrial enzymes that are partially encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). MtDNA has therefore been suggested as a putative genetic marker of male fertility. However, recent studies in different populations have identified both significant and non-significant associations between mtDNA variation and sperm motility. Here, we tested whether mtDNA vari...

Background: Although AI practices have been introduced little over 60 years, the success rate remains relatively low. This might be due to the exclusive selection of semen based on motility analysis. Recent advancement in sperm sexing using flow cytometry with an increased throughput from next generation cell sorters, made use of this technology in studding sperm qualitative aspects other than ...

background: no extensive studies were done that included the use of pentoxifylline or verify its effect on the outcome of icsi in cases of mild and moderate asthenozoospermia. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pentoxifylline used in preparation of semen samples which doesn't need motility enhancement prior to icsi. materials and methods: the study was carried on 30 ...

s of papers 107 was added to PL at 10 and 20 mol% (PL10, PL20). PL10 enhanced fusion (82.4 ± 1.4 vs. 58.4 ± 3.0% sperm fused, PL10 vs. PL20, n = 7; P < 0.0001) and sperm viability (27 ± 2, 46 ± 3, and 39 ± 4%, respectively, for PL, PL10, and PL20, P < 0.05). Because viability was still unacceptably low, we then added poly-L-lysine to the PL10 recipe at 1 (PL10−1), 5 (PL10−5), and 10 mol% (PL10−...

Clonality is, at present, the only means by which the self-renewal potential of a given stem cell can be determined. To assess the clonality of human embryonic stem cells (hESC), a protocol involving seeding wells at low cell densities is commonly used to surmount poor cloning efficiencies. However, factors influencing the accuracy of such an assay have not been fully elucidated. Using clonogen...

AIM To investigate the effects of Lizhong Tang, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, on gastrointestinal motility in mice. METHODS The in vivo effects of Lizhong Tang on GI motility were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rates (ITRs) and gastric emptying (GE) values in normal mice and in mice with experimentally induced GI motility dysfunction (GMD). RESULTS In normal ICR ...

Lipid perfusion into the distal ileal lumen at supraphysiological loads inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion and gastrointestinal motility in humans. In the present study, we sought to determine the effects of physiological postprandial intraileal lipid concentrations on endogenously stimulated pancreaticobiliary secretion, intestinal motility, and release of regulatory mediators. Eight healt...

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to determine the effect of the freeze-thawing procedure, computer controlled rate freezing and duration for six months, on human sperm chromatin (assessed by acridine orange test), vitality, motility, and morphology. DESIGN Experimental study MATERIAL AND METHOD Twenty semen samples were obtained from patients attending the infertility unit. The seme...