English, as a communication tool, plays an extremely significant role in cross-cultural communication. While it is true that language users can mean exactly what they their utterances, also have utterances much more than say. Speakers of English speak indirectly, and using conversational implicatures way to be indirect. And sentences often express messages above beyond literal meanings, not sur...

This study attempts to investigate the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic development of Iranian EFL learners cross-sectionally when making requests in different situations. To this end, 103 university students in three proficiency levels of pre-intermediate, upper-intermediate, and advanced were asked to write three discourse completion tests (DCTs) of requests in different situations...

Hilda Doolittle, an American poet, playwright, and novelist known by the initials H.D., was one of few female figures male-dominated early modernist era. Her works are crucial importance as they associated with Imagism, literary movement shaped Ezra Pound a reaction to wordiness, indirectness, sentimentality Victorian Romantic poetry. H.D. played important role in Imagism. Pound, who suggested ...

Objective To develop guidance on the use of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD). Methods The Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA) formed a multidisciplinary panel including rheumatologists, researchers, methodologists, vaccine experts, and patients. used GRADE (Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, Evaluation) approach....

511 commercial emails from four asian countries, namely china, pakistan, india, and iran have been analyzed in a mixed-method design. the focus of the study is on the two features of politeness and intimacy. in the quantitative analysis, the model proposed by brown & levinson (1987) and that of coulmas (2005) which have drawn upon the features of indirectness in requesting and the length of...

the tendency to say things indirectly rather than being explicit is one of the most evident qualities of contemporary arabic poetry. to achieve this indirectness, the contemporary poets make use of numerous devices including innuendo. the “jesus after crucifixion” ode by sayy?b is one the primary examples of this novel literary technique. since the technique of innuendo is based on the elements...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout has increased in recent decades. The role of dietary fructose in the development of these conditions remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies investigating the association fructose consumption with incident gout and hyperuricemia. DESIGN MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Libra...

Building useful systems with an ability to understand \real" natural language input has long been an elusive goal for Artiicial Intelligence. Well-known problems such as ambiguity, indi-rectness, and incompleteness of natural language inputs have thwarted eeorts to build natural language interfaces to intelligent systems. In this article, we report on our work on a model of understanding natura...

Quantum state control is one of the most important concepts in advanced quantum technology, emerging cybernetics and related fields. Molecular open shell entities can be a testing ground for implementing technology enabling us to manipulate molecular spin bits (molecular qubits). In well-designed spins consisting unpaired electron nuclear spins, electrons bus client qubits, respectively. Full w...