Standardization is a method used to compare observed and expected rates of a given disease/outcome by removing the influence of factors that may confound the comparison. There are two major standardization methods: one is used when the 'standard' is the structure of a population (direct method) and the other when the 'standard' is a set of specific event rates (indirect method). The direct stan...

This paper shows how the identiication step in several identiication for control schemes can be performed in a uniied and simpliied manner. We utilize a particularly simple indirect method for closed-loop identiica-tion and show how the x noise model/preelter should be chosen in order to match the identiication and control criteria.

OBJECTIVES Indirect comparison methods have been increasingly used to assess the effectiveness of different interventions comparatively. This study evaluated a Trial Similarity and Evidence Consistency Assessment (TSECA) framework for assessing key assumptions underlying the validity of indirect comparisons. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We applied the TSECA framework to 94 Cochrane Systematic Rev...

Many animals are indirect developers with distinct larval and adult body plans [1]. The molecular basis of differences between larval and adult forms is often poorly understood, adding a level of uncertainty to comparative developmental studies that use data from both indirect and direct developers. Here we compare the larval and adult body plans of an indirect developing hemichordate, Schizoca...

Instruction sequences with direct and indirect jump instructions are as expressive as instruction sequences with direct jump instructions only. We show that, in the case where the number of instructions is not bounded, there exist instruction sequences of the former kind from which elimination of indirect jump instructions is possible without a super-linear increase of their maximal internal de...

The core subcompartment of the nucleus accumbens (NAcore) contributes significantly to behavioral responses following motivationally relevant stimuli, including drug-induced, stress-induced, and cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Projections from NAcore that could carry information necessary to initiate reinstated cocaine seeking include outputs via the indirect pathway to the dorsol...

The present research examined the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity (IS), privileged self (PS), and internet addiction, focusing on direct effects among these variables indirect of problem-solving coping tendency expression emotional tendency. A total 114 university students participated in questionnaire survey, which 92 who completely answered were included analysis. Our data show...

Neutronirradiation effects on optical absorption of solid-state nuclear track detector, CR-39 was studied for the various fluences ranging from 2.38x106 to 2.7x108 n/cm by ultraviolet-visible (UVVis) spectroscopy. The optical absorption spectra in the wavelength range of 200-700nm were recorded for the pristine and the neutron irradiated samples in the above fluence range. The UV-visible spectr...

Schools are responsible for developing students’ learning abilities in order to prepare them the future. However, power was rarely explored previous studies. This study considered classrooms as a proximal level of influences from ecologically-oriented systems theory and therefore centered on exploring effects operating communities (CaLC) power. Learner-centered teaching, which includes componen...

The scFv antibody towards the Burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin was previously constructed by phage display and exhibited good specificity towards the exotoxin. We report here the optimization of the scFv expression in an E. coli expression system. Four different E. coli strains (ER2537, TG1, HB2151, and XL1-Blue) were examined for optimal expression of the scFv protein. Two types of carbon so...