almost ideal demand system (aids) and rotterdam model have been employed to (by means of seemingly unrelated regression (sur) estimate the function related to milk and dairy products in the urban societies of iran for years 1982 to 2009. cross and cross price elasticities have been evaluated too. results indicated that during the study period, share of milk products in household budget was more...

W study three determinants of the levels of price and detailing effort across geographic markets: the withinmarket response to each variable, the nature of interfirm strategic interactions both within that market and across markets. We empirically examine the interactions of Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy. Our results indicate ...

We explore a methodological improvement to the standard dynamic demand model for petrol–a general model which allows for slowly evolving, unobservable habits. If this habit formation model is correct, then standard estimation techniques produce inconsistent estimates. We find price elasticities of -0.13 (short-run) and -0.20 (long-run). Importantly, standard techniques are misleading about the ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the price elasticity of cigarette demand among youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). DATA The Global Youth Tobacco Survey was used to obtain data on the smoking behaviour of 315,353 adolescents from 17 LMIC. DESIGN Two-part model of cigarette demand with country fixed effects. The first part estimates the impact of prices on smoking participation while the ...

BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the impact of tobacco tax and price policies in China. In addition, very little is known about the differential responses to tax and price increases based on socioeconomic status in China. OBJECTIVE To estimate the conditional cigarette consumption price elasticity among adult urban smokers in China and to examine the differential responses to cigarette pr...

We analyze the welfare impacts of price discrimination in a two-dimensional spatial differentiation model. Consumer information of varying qualities is available on one dimension which allows firms to price discriminate, and better information leads to more refined price discrimination. We find that as information quality improves, firms’ profits monotonically increase while consumer surplus an...

the main purpose of this study is to determine welfare impacts of trade liberalization on maize market. for this purpose, we used from time series data for the period 1961/2009 and estimated domestic supply, domestic demand and import demand for maize. results of estimation showed that price elasticity of supply and demand is 0.32 and -0.25, respectively. then, by means of these elasticities, w...

Iran has experienced high food prices in recent years. This paper examines the welfare impacts of rising major food groups' prices on Iranian urban households using Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) approach. The elasticity coefficients derived from QUAIDS are used to estimate Compensated Variations (CV).The study uses Iranian Household Expenditure and Income Survey (HEIS) raw data,...

Recent empirical evidence shows the Law of One Price does not exist in online environment despite the unprecedented amount of price transparency. The failure of Law of One Price has been attributed to search costs, brand loyalty and other kinds of “market frictions” that enable retailers to keep some of their customers even if they don’t charge the lowest price in the market. While the presence...