AIN: anal intraepithelial neoplasia ARV: antiretroviral CA: condyloma acuminata HPV: human papillomavirus MSM: man who has sex with men SCCIS: squamous cell carcinoma in situ INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of condyloma acuminata (CA). Although it is often assumed that CA are caused by HPV subtypes distinct from those that lead to squamous cell carcinoma, this is ...

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women and is more common in developing countries such as India, due to lack of good screening tests. The efficacy of the Pap smear is hampered by high inter-observer variability and high false positive and false negative rates. Liquid based cytology has not been shown to improve sensitivity or specificity when compared to Pap s...

Background: The most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene found in human cancer is p53. In a normal situation, p53 is activated upon the induction of DNA damage to either arrest the cell cycle or to induce apoptosis. However, when mutated, p53 is no longer able to properly accomplish these functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of p53 gene in cases of skin cancer...

OBJECTIVE Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a pluripotent protein kinase involved in the development of cancers through regulation of numerous oncogenic molecules. Cyclin D1, an important regulator of G1 to S phase transition in various cells, is one of target proteins that GSK3β regulate. Our objective was to assess the expression of GSK3β and cyclin D1 in cervical neoplasm of different h...

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cancer in women worldwide (zur Hausen et al., 2002). In recent years, this disease has increased gradually in China; therefore, it is very important to establish early detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which is the precursor of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma. It is a major challenge in screenin...

Background & Objective: This study aimed to examine the extent which postcoital bleeding (PCB) can be a predictive factor for cervical cancer. Materials Methods: In this observational we selected and evaluated 280 females with PCB referred Kowsar Hospital of Qazvin, Iran from 2017 2019. Results: Among 189 patients diagnosed as normal in their Pap smear results, one patient had cancer her b...

Smad4 is a central mediator for TGFbeta signals, which play important functions in many biological processes. To study the role of Smad4 in mammary gland development and neoplasia, we disrupted this gene in mammary epithelium using a Cre-loxP approach. Smad4 is expressed in the mammary gland throughout development; however, its inactivation did not cause abnormal development of the gland during...

Endoscopic treatment of early esophageal neoplasia has widely been established in gastroenterology. It has been shown to be effective and safe also in the long-term follow-up, and it is – in contrast to the previous goldstandard, which is esophageal resection – organ preserving. There is no treatment-related mortality and a very low morbidity. In early Barrett’s neoplasia, the two-step concept ...

statement of problem: many studies have indicated that genetic disturbances are common findings in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc). identification of these changes can be helpful in diagnostic procedures of these tumors. purpose: the aim of this study was to appraise the chromosomal disorders in blood and tissue patients with oscc. methods and materials: in this descriptive st...

Synchronous ovarian and uterine cervix malignancies are extremely rare gynecologic neoplasia. In the meantime the presence of hepatic metastases originating from cervical cancer is another rare situation, the liver being more often a common site of metastases for ovarian malignancies. We present the case of a 63-year-old patient who was diagnosed with a moderately differentiated squamous cell c...