Admiration for environment in general needs to be profoundly rooted in an understanding of History. Urban history is unique not only in the fact that it reflects climate but also in that it cuts across many different fields. In most schools of urban studies many aspects of science and technology are taught with relation to design in order to attain skills for practice. During a student’s later ...

The practice and study of medicine in Persia has a long and prolific history. The ancient Iranian medicine was combined by different medical traditions from Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China and Greece for more than 4000 years and merged to form what became the nucleus and foundation of medical practice in the European countries in the 13th century. The Iranian academic centers like Jundishapur ...

the main purpose of this research paper is to calculate irans housing (maskan) bank through the use of data envelopment analysis. in this research, the performance of 33 branches of the housing bank throughout tehran (capital city of iran) within 2002-2004 was analyzed and discussed. the results of the study shows that average technical efficiencies of housing bank branches in two hypotheses of...

Doctor Shoja-ad-Din Sheikholeslamzadeh (also known as Dr. Sheikh) (1931-2014) was an outstanding orthopedic surgeon. He is credited for the establishment of the Iranian Association of Rehabilitation, Shafa Yahyaian Hospital as an Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Center, the Social Welfare Organization, Iran’s emergency dispatch center (115) and many other major projects that led to the upgrading o...

setback in elevation of a structure is a special irregularity with considerable effect on its seismic performance. this paper addresses multistory reinforced concrete (rc) frame buildings, regular and irregular in elevation. several multistory reinforced concrete moment resisting frames (rcmrfs) with different types of setbacks, as well as the regular frames in elevation, are designed according...

iran enjoys a glorious history in medicine, ophthalmology and optics and has introduced several great physicians and ophthalmologists to the world. the history of ophthalmology dates back to 6000 years ago; unfortunately we have no manuscripts or petrographies from those eras. the oldest document about ophthalmic diseases can be found in avesta. furthermore, as early as 1600 years ago, genta sh...