Excessive loads of nutrients transported by tributary rivers have been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Management efforts to reduce the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico and improve the water quality of rivers and streams could benefit from targeting nutrient reductions toward watersheds with the highest nutrient yields delivered to sensitive downstream waters. One challenge is that m...

Background and objectives: Medicinal plants are widely used by people in the treatment of various diseases. These resources are usually regarded as part of cultural traditional knowledge. The aim of this study was to identify the information about the medicinal plants used by indigenous people of some regions of Hamedan province, Iran. Methods: The present ethnobotanical study was conducted in ...

To address technology impact at the household level, farms were selected in two broad agro-ecological zones, Kampala and Highland. The Kampala zone was delineated as a “new” region with a substantial milkshed that was not delineated with the Kenya agro-ecological extrapolation. Since the “Horticultural” zone and Kenya dominated the landscape where dairying occurred outside of the Kampala milksh...

We investigated the effects of deforestation on microclimates and sporogonic development of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in an area of the western Kenyan highland prone to malaria epidemics. An. gambiae mosquitoes were fed with P. falciparum-infected blood through membrane feeders. Fed mosquitoes were placed in houses in forested and deforested areas in a high...

Introduction: Highland paterae [1-2] represent one of the most distinctive landforms on the Martian surface. The term patera (paterae if plural) was originally applied to any large, flat-floored depression with irregular margins identified in Mariner 9 and Viking imagery and included volcanoes as well as impact craters [3]. However, highland paterae represent an individual class of patera that ...

Mountaintop removal coal mining (MTM) is a form of surface mining where ridges and mountain tops are removed with explosives to access underlying coal seams. The crushed rock material is subsequently deposited in headwater valley fills (VF). We examined how this added water storage potential affects streamflow using a paired watershed approach consisting of two sets of mined and unmined watersh...

The SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model was used to perform an assessment of surface-water nutrient conditions and to identify important nutrient sources in watersheds of the Pacific Northwest region of the United States (U.S.) for the year 2002. Our models included variables representing nutrient sources as well as landscape characteristics that affect nutr...

Eight Y-linked short-tandem-repeat polymorphisms (DYS19, DYS388, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) were analyzed in four populations of Central Asia, comprising two lowland samples-Uighurs and lowland Kirghiz-and two highland samples-namely, the Kazakhs (altitude 2,500 m above sea level) and highland Kirghiz (altitude 3,200 m above sea level). The results were compared with...

BACKGROUND Since the late 1980s a series of malaria epidemics has occurred in western Kenya highlands. Among the possible factors that may contribute to the highland malaria epidemics, parasite resistance to antimalarials has not been well investigated. METHODS Using parasites from highland and lowland areas of western Kenya, we examined key mutations associated with Plasmodium falciparum res...

Knowledge of the frequency and occurrence macroinvertebrates throughout landscapes may clarify effects anthropic impacts on aquatic systems help guide conservation actions for watersheds. We evaluated macroinvertebrate α β diversity in streams four different subtropical phytophysiognomies: highland grasslands with arboreal riparian vegetation, without mixed ombrophilous forest silviculture. als...