the most skeptical approach towards the authenticity of islamic original textss, was represented in the late 1970s by john wansbrough. by insisting that isnad of hadiths and bibliographical information are not reliable, wansbrough suggested literary analysis instead of dating of all early islamic texts including the quran. by employing literary analysis to early islamic texts of exegesis, hadit...

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European perceptions of the Islamic Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth century have often been read through the prism of Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws (1748). His ‘moral geography’ depicted a despotic and decayed Islamic Ottoman polity in contrast to the dynamism displayed in European states. Montesquieu’s comparisons and contrasts between the Ottoman East and Europe appear to support Edwa...

among the important elements of democracies are parliaments and legislatures. parliament’s status and importance is such that each democratic system and state, should take it into consideration as a fundamental and vital institution. this requirement is also discussed in islamic states. according to the principles of islamic theological thought, before we can talk about parliament and its struc...

The effects of infertility on individuals and its emotional, psychological, and social consequences are complex matters that are influenced by many variables. Research now indicates that most cases of infertility can be attributed to a physiological cause in the man or woman. Shari’a is the Islamic way of life, of which medicine is an integral part. The Prophet Muhammad provided the foundation ...

Hysteria which occurs among school adolescents in Malaysia causes adverse effects on social and psychological development of adolescents. This scenario is worrying because such occurrences also interfere with the teaching and learning process. Islamic psychotherapy has its own methods in dealing with hysteria to overcome adolescent psychological and spiritual problems. Hence, the purpose of thi...

Islam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. The art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from Islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s Muslims. Because Islam discouraged the use of figurative images, particularly in religious contexts- unlike Christian art- Islamic artists develo...