Wireless networks are becomming more popular and many network users prefer wireless infrastructure above the wired infrastructure because wireless networks are easy to install, maintain and use. One problem however, is that the network model used to develop protocols for the wireless network is the same layered model used for wired networks. This paper proposes research on cross-layer protocols...

Traffic signals are ubiquitous devices that first appeared in 1868. Recent advances in information and communications technology (ICT) have led to unprecedented improvements in such areas as mobile handheld devices (i.e., smartphones), the electric power industry (i.e., smart grids), transportation infrastructure, and vehicle area networks. Given the trend towards interconnectivity, it is only ...

This dissertation discusses some techniques to improve the medium access control in infrastructure multi channel wireless local area networks. Medium Access Control protocols (MAC) coordinate the stations and resolve the channel contentions so that scarce radio resources are shared fairly and efficiently amongst participating users. We propose different models to improve the medium access contr...

The evaluation of a country’s critical infrastructure requires a detailed analysis of facilities such as airfields, harbors, communication lines and heavy industry. To improve the interpretation process, an interactive support system for the interpretation of infrastructure facilities from aerial imagery is developed. The aim is to facilitate the training phase for beginners, increase the flexi...

In Ethiopia, modern contraceptive prevalence among currently married women nearly tripled over the last decade, but the method mix remains skewed toward short-acting methods. Since 2011, the Integrated Family Health Program (IFHP+), jointly implemented by Pathfinder International and John Snow Inc., has supported the Federal Ministry of Health to introduce intrauterine devices (IUDs) in more th...

Objective Improve distribution of etiological treatment of Chagas disease by identifying barriers to the decentralization of treatment to the first level of care in Argentina. Methods A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured interviews of key actors belonging to the National Chagas Program and members of health teams at the first level of care, for...

This article discusses how pharmaceutical innovation achieves remarkable improvements in human health but a significant portion of the U.S. population cannot afford prescription drugs. The author examines ways that patent protection, generics, supply chain complexity, and the cost of innovation and promotion affect access and affordability. The author then looks at the influences of marketing s...

BackgroundEffective communication of anticipatory care planning (ACP) discussions between patients and general practitioners across different healthcare settings is vital. In Scotland, the Key Information Summary (KIS) is a new piece of software that allows clinical data for selected patients to be shared electronically across the wider National Health Service from the primary care record. This...