A cooling system with impinging jets is used extensively in diverse engineering applications, such as solar panels, electronic equipments, battery thermal management, textiles and drying applications. Over the years many methods have been offered to increase effectiveness of design by different techniques. In one available methods, nano-jets are achieve a higher local average heat transfer coef...

Recently, femoroacetabular impingement has been recognised as a cause of early osteoarthritis. There are two mechanisms of impingement: 1) cam impingement caused by a non-spherical head and 2) pincer impingement caused by excessive acetabular cover. We hypothesised that both mechanisms result in different patterns of articular damage. Of 302 analysed hips only 26 had an isolated cam and 16 an i...

Femoroacetabular impingement is a disorder associated with labrochondral injury and the development of osteoarthritis. Although femoroacetabular impingement is a 3-dimensional disorder with variable size and extent of impingement between individuals, there are 2 primary types of hip impingement: Cam-type and Pincer-type. Cam-type impingement is the result of asphericity of the femoral head-neck...

A comprehensive numerical and experimental investigation on micrometer-sized water droplet impact dynamics and evaporation on an unheated, flat, dry surface is conducted from the standpoint of spray-cooling technology. The axisymmetric time-dependent governing equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and species are solved. Surface tension, wall adhesion effect, gravitational body force, cont...