Many reliability prediction techniques require an estimate for the number of residual faults. In this paper, a new theory is developed for using test coverage to estimate the number of residual faults. This theory is applied to a specific example with known faults and the results agree well with the theory. The theory is used to justify the use of linear extrapolation to estimate residual fault...

The principles for measuring the extinction ratio and transmittance of a polarizer are formulated by use of the principal Mueller matrix, which includes both polarization and depolarization. The extinction ratio is about half of the depolarization, and the contrast is the inverse of the extinction ratio. Errors in the extinction ratio caused by partially polarized incident light and the misalig...

Taking into account imperfect channel state information, this letter formulates and solves a joint active/passive beamforming optimization problem in multiple-input single-output systems with the support of an intelligent reflecting surface. In particular, we introduce to minimize total transmit power subject maintaining users' signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio coverage probability above ...

In the current stage of ideological and political education in legal system construction process, after a period time to improve improve, although made certain achievements, but there are also series problems such as imperfect structure system, unreasonable evaluation incomplete coverage main body. context promoting modernization governance capacity, it is necessary carry out rule law colleges ...

This letter studies the performance of a single gateway LoRa system in presence different interference considering imperfect orthogonality effect. It utilizes concepts stochastic geometry to present low-complexity approximate closed-form model for computing success and coverage probabilities under these challenging conditions. Monte Carlo simulation results have shown that is not as theoretical...

In the recent years a number of novel, automatic map-inference techniques have been proposed, which derive road-network from a cohort of GPS traces collected by a fleet of vehicles. In spite of considerable attention, these maps are imperfect in many ways: they create an abundance of spurious connections, have poor coverage, and are visually confusing. Hence, commercial and crowd-sourced mappin...

The control of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a fatal contagious viral disease that spread to over 32 countries in 2003, was based on quarantine of latently infected individuals and isolation of individuals with clinical symptoms of SARS. Owing to the recent ongoing clinical trials of some candidate anti-SARS vaccines, this study aims to assess, via mathematical modelling, the potent...

The Imperfect in Romance is used in an array of constructions: progressives, habituals, generics and counterfactual conditionals. The first three all share hallmarks of the Romance Imperfect: they describe something ongoing, in the past, and which requires contextual framing. Counterfactual uses, however, do not, and thus present an important challenge for a unified semantics of the Imperfect. ...