The thermo-mechanical controlled process (TMCP) of 800-MPa-grade non-quenched tempered steel used for penstocks was simulated on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The effect of the finish cooling temperature (FCT) which ranged from 350–550 ◦C on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. The microstructure of TMCP specimens is primarily composed of lath bainite (LB) and...

In this study, the effects of various heat treatments on microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of HSLA-100 steel were evaluated. The heat treatments consisted of austenitizing at 900°C for 60 minutes, then quenching by different cooling rates via furnace, air, oil and water; and quenched specimens were aged at 600°C for one hour. Optical and field emission scanning electron m...

This study of two lemur species (Lemur catta and Propithecus v. verreauxi) in Madagascar combines observations of food procurement and initial food placement in the mouth with comparisons to food toughness and external properties. Food toughness was hypothesized to play a decisive role in determining food placement during ingestion. It was found that tougher foods are generally ingested on the ...

the basic trait in the ceramics is their high brittle or low fracture toughness, and the main criteria in the design and application is specifying the fracture toughness in ceramics. in this paper, a new method is proposed to determine the fracture toughness of ceramics, which is enhanced in lowering the cost of fracture toughness determination relative to the previous methods. hence due to the...

A sound knowledge of mechanical properties of rocks at high temperatures and pressures is essential for modelling volcanological problems such as fracture of lava flows and dike emplacement. In particular, fracture toughness is a scale invariant material property of a rock that describes its resistance to tensile failure. A new fracture mechanics apparatus has been constructed enabling fracture...

Fracture toughness (K1C) of medium carbon steel (0.5% C) has been determined by round notched tensile specimen. Two notch diameters (5.6mm and 4.2mm) and three notch angles (α) namely 45, 60 and 75 have been used to observe the effect of notch diameters and notch angle on fracture toughness of the steel. By heat treatment the microstructure of the steel is also varied and its effect on the frac...

The toughness of a (non-complete) graph G is the minimum value of t for which there is a vertex cut A whose removal yields |A|/t components. Determining toughness is an NP-hard problem for general input graphs. The toughness conjecture of Chvátal, which states that there exists a constant t such that every graph on at least 3 vertices with toughness at least t is hamiltonian, is still open for ...

Mental toughness in endurance athletes, while an important factor for success, has been scarcely studied. An online survey was used to examine eight mental toughness factors in endurance athletes. The study aim was to determine mental toughness profiles via latent profile analysis in endurance athletes and whether associations exist between the latent profiles and demographics and sports charac...

Seed size and toughness affect seed predators, and size-dependent investment in mechanical defence could affect relationships between seed size and predation. We tested how seed toughness and mechanical defence traits (tissue density and protective tissue content) are related to seed size among tropical forest species. Absolute toughness increased with seed size. However, smaller seeds had high...