In this paper we describe the formation of fingers from ionization fronts for a hydrodynamic plasma model. The fingers result from a balance between the destabilizing effect of impact ionization and the stabilizing effect of electron diffusion on ionization fronts. We show that electron diffusion acts as an effective surface tension on moving fronts and estimate analytically the size of the fin...

Neutral entrainment in a field reversed configuration thruster is modeled numerically with an implicit PIC code extended to include thermal and chemical interactions between plasma and neutral particles. The contribution of charge exchange and electron impact ionization reactions is analyzed, and the sensitivity of the entrainment efficiency to the plasmoid translation velocity and neutral dens...

The technology behind the Electron-Multiplying Charge Coupled Device (EMCCD) was successfully exploited by e2v technologies in the late 1990s. Since then, many uses have been found for these low light level (L3) devices including surveillance and many scientific applications. The EMCCD increases or ‘multiplies’ the charge signal by the phenomenon of impact ionisation (or avalanche multiplicatio...

the “driving force - pressure - state - impact – response” modeling framework isadopted to consider the formation mechanisms of environmental risks and the requirements ofecological environment protection. moreover, a systematical index system and evaluation model forthe measurement of the coastal ecological security level is put forward in this paper to assess thestate of coastal ecological en...

Study objective: To estimate the relative health effects of the income and health insurance provisions of the Los Angeles City living wage ordinance. Setting and participants: About 10000 employees of city contractors are subject to the Los Angeles City living wage ordinance, which establishes an annually adjusted minimum wage ($7.99 per hour in July 2002) and requires employers to contribute $...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the level of association between patients' denture satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in edentate patients, and to identify the determinants of satisfaction that best predict OHRQoL. The effects of time and treatment type were also assessed. METHODS Data from 255 edentate elders who participated in a randomised clinical trial were used. OHRQoL...

Microfinance has been developed as alternative solution for global poverty alleviation effort in the last 30 years. Microfinance institution (MFI) has unique characteristic wherein they face double bottom line objectives of outreach to the poor and financial sustainability. This study proposes a two-stage analysis to measure Islamic Microfinance institutions (IMFIs) performance by comparing the...

Electron-impact ionization cross sections for diatomic molecules are calculated in a configuration-average distorted-wave method. Core bound orbitals for the molecular ion are calculated using a single-configuration self-consistent-field method based on a linear combination of Slater-type orbitals. The core bound orbitals are then transformed onto a two-dimensional r , numerical lattice from wh...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To estimate the relative health effects of the income and health insurance provisions of the Los Angeles City living wage ordinance. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS About 10 000 employees of city contractors are subject to the Los Angeles City living wage ordinance, which establishes an annually adjusted minimum wage (7.99 US dollars per hour in July 2002) and requires employers to c...