This paper studies the descriptional complexity of (i) sequences over a finite alphabet; and (ii) subsets of N (the natural numbers). If (s (i )) i ~0 is a sequence over a finite alphab et 0394, then we define the k-automaticity of s, Aks(n), to be the smallest possible number of states in any deterministic finite automaton that, for all i with 0 ~ i ~ n, takes i expressed in base k as input an...

The active zone (AZ) matrix of presynaptic terminals coordinates the recruitment of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and synaptic vesicles to orchestrate neurotransmitter release. However, the spatial organization of the AZ and how it controls vesicle fusion remain poorly understood. Here, we employ super-resolution microscopy and ratiometric imaging to visualize the AZ structure on the n...

Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA b School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA Biosphere 2 Earthscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA d Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA Merriam Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona Univer...

Electron transfer (ET) proteins are biomolecules with specific functions, selected by evolution. As such they are attractive candidates for use in potential bioelectronic devices. The blue copper protein azurin (Az) is one of the most-studied ET proteins. Traditional spectroscopic, electrochemical, and kinetic methods employed for studying ET to/from the protein's Cu ion have been complemented ...

Meningitis: An Institutional Review Ana Moran, MD; Wyatt Ramey; Brian Beck MD; Yashar Kalani, MD, PhD; Andrew Montoure; Kris Smith; Nicholas Theodore, MD; Peter Nakaji, MD; Omar Gonzalez, MD; Infectious Diseases, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoneix, AZ; Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ; Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institu...

1 Department of Applied Mathematics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 3 School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 4 Department of Physics, National University of Salta, Salta, Argentina 5 School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 6 ...

To directly evaluate the role of increased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamines in mouse skin carcinogenesis, we used bovine keratin 5 (K5) and keratin 6 (K6) promoter elements to direct the expression of antizyme (AZ) to specific skin cell populations. AZ is a multifunctional regulator of polyamine metabolism that inhibits ODC activity, stimulates ODC degradation, and suppresses polyam...