This chapter initially defines what characterizes and distinguishes research frameworks from research models. The Laboratory Research Framework for IR illustrates the case. We define briefly what is meant by the concept of research design, including research questions, and what this chapter regards as central IIR evaluation research settings and variables. This is followed by a description of I...

A comparison of various low-pass filter architectures that are commonly used in Sigma-Delta ( C A ) demodulators is presented in the paper. In this comparison the conventional demodulator filter architectures such as the optimal FIR filter, Sinck filter and non-linear Zoomer filter are considered. It is shown that the optimum FIR filter provides the most attractive properties among the conventi...

PURPOSE Iterative image reconstruction (IIR) algorithms in computed tomography (CT) are based on algorithms for solving a particular optimization problem. Design of the IIR algorithm, therefore, is aided by knowledge of the solution to the optimization problem on which it is based. Often times, however, it is impractical to achieve accurate solution to the optimization of interest, which compli...

This paper is focused on the learning algorithms for dynamic multilayer perceptron neural networks where each neuron synapsis is modelled by an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter (IIR MLP). In particular, the Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) algorithm and its less demanding approximated on-line versions are considered. In fact it is known that the BPTT algorithm is not causal and therefo...

Digital filtering is an integral part of many digital signal processing algorithms. Digital filters are characterized as either recursive [infinite impulse response (IIR)] or non-recursive [finite impulse response (FIR)] filters. IIR filters require a smaller order for the same set of specifications compared to FIR filters, while FIR filters provide a linear phase property. However, IIR filters...

In many signal processing applications, adaptive frequency estimation and tracking of noisy narrowband signals is often required in communications, radar, sonar, controls, biomedical signal processing, and the applications such as detection of a noisy sinusoidal signal and cancellation of periodic signals. In order to achieve the objective of frequency tracking and estimation, an adaptive finit...

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Materials and Methods: Included patients were >1-year old with NPT. No imaging was done, and laparoscopy was performed all patients. Patients were classified according to diagnostic laparoscopy into 6 types, Type-I: no testes, vas or spermatic vessels, Type-II: a blindended vas, Type-III: vas and vessels entering the inguinal canal, Type-IV: testis at internal inguinal ring (IIR), Type-V: testi...

In this paper the approximation of a complex-valued speci cation by the frequency response of a 2-D IIR separable-denominator (SD) digital lter is considered. The approximation problem is transformed into an equivalent one, where a real-valued 2-D IIR SD digital lter with some additional characteristics has to be determined that approximates a given real-valued 2-D FIR digital lter. A theorem i...

This paper proposes a novel method for designing two-channel and M-channel causal stable IIR PR filter banks using cosine modulation. In particular, we show that the PR condition of the two-channel IIR filter banks is very similar to the two-channel FIR case. Using this formulation, it is relatively simple to satisfy the PR condition and to ensure that the filters are causal stable. Using a sim...