Insecticides with growth regulating properties (IGR) may adversely affect insects by regulating or inhibiting specific biochemical pathways or processes essential for insect growth and development. Some insects exposed to such compounds may die due to abnormal regulation of hormone-mediated cell or organ development. Other insects may die either from a prolonged exposure at the developmental st...

Insecticides are one of the major tools for controlling vector populations and for reducing the transmission of human pathogens. However, there are few new insecticides being developed and marketed for vector control. Herein, we report on the toxicity of six novel insecticides to both adult and larval Aedes aegypti (L). and the toxicity of three novel insect growth regulators (IGRs) to larvae. ...

Sensitive and selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in the immobilized antigen format were developed for fenoxycarb (1), an insect growth regulator (IGR). The parent molecule [ethyl 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylcarbamate] was derivatized at several positions to obtain haptens (2-5) that were used to produce protein conjugates and rabbit polyclonal antisera. Amino derivatives of feno...

The biological effects of the bacterial insecticides Bacilod, VectoLex and Spinosad as well as the insect growth regulators (IGRs) Baycidal, Sumilarv and Dudim against mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti have been evaluated. According to LC50 values (concentration which to kill 50% of larvae), the bioinsecticide Spinosad (0.011 ppm) proved to be the most effective compound, followed by Bacilod (0....

Bacteria live in an ever-changing environment and must alter protein expression promptly to adapt to these changes and survive. Specific response genes that are regulated by a subset of alternative σ(70)-like transcription factors have evolved in order to respond to this changing environment. Recently, we have described the existence of a σ(E) regulon including the anti-σ-factor MseR in the obl...

In bacteria, small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are critical regulators of cellular adaptation to changes in metabolism, physiology, or the external environment. In the last decade, more than 2000 of sRNA families have been reported in the Rfam database and have been shown to exert various regulatory functions in bacterial transcription and translation. However, little is known about sRNAs and their...

Synthetic nonsteroidal ecdysone agonists, a class of insect growth regulators (IGRs), target the ecdysone receptor (EcR), which forms a heterodimer with ultraspiracle (USP) to transactivate ecdysone response genes. These compounds have high binding affinities to the EcR-USP complexes of certain insects and their toxicity is selective for certain taxonomic orders. In the present study, we develo...

To identify noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, we analyzed the intergenic regions (IGRs) of strain EGD-e by in silico-based approaches. Among the twelve ncRNAs found, nine are novel and specific to the Listeria genus, and two of these ncRNAs are expressed in a growth-dependent manner. Three of the ncRNAs are transcribed in opposite direction to overlappi...