Since American legislatures began passing bias crime statutes (which set more severe penalties for crimes committed from biased motives) in the 1980s, many legal philosophers have argued that such statutes are unjust on the grounds that they punish character traits and feelings rather than actions and intentions. It is unjust to punish character traits and feelings, these authors have supposed,...

This study examined the role of memory for crime details in detecting concealed information using the electrodermal measure, Symptom Validity Test, and Number Guessing Test. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: guilty, who committed a mock theft; informed-innocents, who were exposed to crime-relevant items; and uninformed-innocents, who had no crime-relevant information. Partici...

36 human beings, of whom the youngest was one and a half years and the oldest 76 years old, fell victims to 16 multiple homicides each committed by one perpetrator. 7 of the homicides were committed outside the family and other lasting relationships. 9 homicides can be assigned to the group of "family tragedies". As far as the victims of the first group are concerned, the course of events in co...

OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence, correlates and motivations for the commission of property and violent crime amongst a sample of people who inject drugs (PWID). METHOD Data were obtained from the 2013 Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS), which includes a cross-sectional sample of 887 PWID. RESULTS Eighteen percent of PWID had committed a property offence and 3% had committed a violent ...

transnational organized crime is one of the most problematic matters for international community in 21st century. these crimes are committed by organized criminal groups consisting of three or more persons, a unique leadership and strict discipline with cruel sanctions in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit. commission of the crimes nationally and inte...

Legally speaking, consumption of any substance that causes inebriation is prohibited in the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In terms of medicine, alcoholic liquor is ethanol-containing liquid whether causes inebriation or not. Its consumption is considered as a crime and the user will be punished. Ethanol as a known harmful substance might lead to mood instability and subsequently differe...