damage control doctrine requires the party incurring damages due to another party’s breach of contract or damaging action to take necessary measures to reduce damages or to prevent damage expansion. the most suitable doctrine justifying control doctrine in islamic jurisprudence and consequently iran's law is the well-known jurisprudential doctrine of la zarara wa la zerar fi al-islam “ther...

the creation of an intellectual work by a group of people could take different forms. sometimes, the cooperation of the members of the group takes the form of mutual consultation, in this case the work is called joint work. sometimes it is realized under the management of a real or legal person. in this case the work is a collective work. there are some occasions where the intellectual work is ...

A new phenomenon of our lives, COVID-19 has shown its effect in the way people commit crimes. For this reason, defining criminal responsibility related issues is a notable and significant matter. This study deals with transmitting-related that have been published media aims to define responsibility, potentially arises there. In firstly, acts transmission are generally analyzed terms moral eleme...

A GRABS B TO USE as a shield; A forces B to stand in front of him, and compels him to walk wherever A wishes. A then hunts C in order to murder the latter by shooting him. C also has a gun. Is it legally permissible for C to shoot at A in self defense under libertarian law? Were C to do so he would have to kill B, the innocent shield, in order to defend himself against the perpetrator, A. Assum...

In this paper we study the following reaction-di usion equation ut = u+ f(u; k(t)) subject to appropriate initial and boundary conditions, where f(u; k(t)) = u k(t) or k(t)u with p > 1 and k(t) is an unknown function. An additional energy type condition is imposed in order to nd the solution u(x; t) and k(t). This type of problem is frequently encountered in nuclear reaction process, where the ...

A novel bootstrapping approach to Named Entity (NE)tagging using concept-based seeds and successive learners is presented. This approach only requires a few common noun or pronoun seeds that correspond to the concept for the targeted NE, e.g. he/she/man/woman for PERSON NE. The bootstrapping procedure is implemented as training two successive learners. First, decision list is used to learn the ...