during recent years, a debate has been taking place on the relationship between economic growth and trade policies. the present article explores the impact of trade liberalization on economic growth in islamic countries. we chose a sample of 26 islamic countries and using the gmm method, estimated the correlation between trade liberalization and economic growth for the period 1990-2003. the emp...

When legal language and the effects of public intervention are indeterminate, generalist lawmakers (legislatures, courts, top-level administrators) often rely on the normative output of contextualizing regimes—institutions that structure deliberative engagement by stakeholders and articulate the resulting understanding. Examples include the familiar practices of delegation and deference to admi...

Many questions remain about specific strategies to prevent first or subsequent stroke: Do statins prevent stroke? Which antithrombotic drugs are best? What is the best way to treat carotid stenosis? We review current evidence on drug therapy and surgical options, addressing key stroke risk factors: ie, hypertension, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, patent foramen ovale, aortic stenosis, an...

This paper investigates the effect of different patent regimes on R&D investment and social welfare in a duopoly market with uncertain R&D process. We find that strong patent protection increases R&D investment of at least one firm but whether both firms’ R&D investment will be more under strong patent protection is ambiguous. While ex-ante welfare is more likely to be higher under strong paten...

This paper investigates the effect of different patent regimes on R&D investment and social welfare in a duopoly market with uncertain R&D process. We find that strong patent protection increases R&D investment of at least one firm but whether both firms’ R&D investment will be more under strong patent protection is ambiguous. While ex-ante welfare is more likely to be higher under strong paten...

If sustainable development is about the integration of economic and environmental goals, then there seems to be a signiacant lack of integration between the preeminent global governance structures set up to manage trade and environment respectively. The international trade regime has evolved into one of the most powerful and inouential multilateral regimes in the world today in terms of its abi...

Trade secrets are part of intellectual property, because the information contains economic value, however, Secret Act does not specifically state what can be classified as with such customer lists. Customer lists that protected by trade secret laws in Indonesia. Therefore, legal efforts needed to protect this confidential from acts violation lead unfair business competition

in this project have been done in descriptive-analyze method, mid utilize from mythology-psychology by studying women characters in five plays. we are searching traits of “wild woman archetype” in secret defense drama. this archetype has been formed from theories of carel gustave yung, unregarded in literary and artistically studying in my country. important asking in this article is introducin...