This prospective multicenter study evaluated separately the significance of maternal injection drug use (IDU) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coinfection in vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). In all, 1372 consecutive, unselected HCV antibody-positive mothers and their infants were studied. Maternal HIV-1 coinfection (crude odds ratios [OR], 1.41; 95% confidence in...

OBJECTIVES Little is known about the potential impact of food insecurity on mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS. We examined the potential relationship between food insecurity and all-cause mortality among HIV-positive injection drug users (IDU) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) across British Columbia (BC). METHODS Cross-sectional measurement of food security status was taken a...

background: infections include soft tissue infections are notable reason for hospital admission among idus, owing to unsterile injection techniques and equipment, contamination of drugs with organisms, and poor hygiene. in present case report a patient with profound limb infection is introduced. case: a 32 years old man was transferred to the emergency department. he was idu with iranian for 3 ...

The photoactivatable modified oligonucleotides were used to investigate direct contacts formed by the type IIE EcoRII restriction endonuclease and T/A bases of its recognition site (5'-CCT/AGG). dimer consists a central catalytic core, made two C-terminal endonuclease-like domains (EcoRII-C) from different subunits, N-terminal effector DNA binding (EcoRII-N). According co-crystal structure isol...

BACKGROUND Unsafe injection practices are prevalent among injection drug users (IDU) and have resulted in numerous forms of drug-related harm including HIV/HCV transmission and other bacterial and viral infections. North America's first supervised injection facility (SIF) was established in Vancouver in order to address injection-related harms among IDU. This study sought to examine injection d...

BACKGROUND Outbreaks of sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been reported among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men in Europe, Australia, and New York. Whether this is occurring across the United States is unknown. METHODS We determined incidence of HCV infection during 1996-2008 among male participants of the AIDS Clinical Trial Group...

BACKGROUND Sustained use of antiretroviral therapy has been consistently shown to be one of the primary predictors of long-term effectiveness. Switching and discontinuation reflect patient and provider decisions that may limit future treatment options. In this study, we utilize data reported at semi-annual study visits from three prospective cohort studies, the AIDS Link to IntraVenous Exposure...

BACKGROUND Previous reviews have examined the existence of HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for injecting drug users (IDUs) worldwide, but they did not quantify the scale of coverage. We undertook a systematic review to estimate national, regional, and global coverage of HIV services in IDUs. METHODS We did a systematic search of peer-reviewed (Medline, BioMed Central), internet, ...

On 1 December 2010, World AIDS Day, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) published guidelines on testing for HIV, viral hepatitis and other infectious diseases in injecting drug users (IDU) [1]. The new guidelines recommend a strategy to increase the uptake of testing for HIV and other infections among IDU in Europe and beyond. This would enable earlier treatment...