I Choice of technique 4 National, regional, and urban-rural mortality levels 11 Time trends in infant mortality 19 Socioeconomic differentials in mortality levels 27

The extent of the loss of life and productivity associated with the breeding of farm livestock is summarized in Table I and shows that in farm stock the stillbirth rate is usually much higher than that in man and that animal infant mortality exceeds human infant mortality by a factor of at least four, and usually ten. Furthermore, in animals maternal mortality rates, particularly in sheep, gros...

Crying in babies is a primary communication function, governed directly by the brain; any alteration on the normal functioning of the babies’ body is reflected in the cry (Wasz-Höckert, et al, 1968). Based on the information contained in the cry’s wave, the infant’s physical state can be determined; and even pathologies in very early stages of life detected (Wasz-Höckert, et al, 1970). To perfo...

Clinicians, public health advisors, nutritionists and others have been attempting to increase breastfeeding rates for the last few decades, with varying degrees of success. We need social science researchers to help us understand the role of infant feeding in the family. Some researchers in the area of food and nutrition have found Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework helpful. In this editor...

introduction: according to the ethology theory mother infant separation immediately after birth can interfere with the infants innate behaviors for the initiation of breastfeeding. the aim of this study was to the effect of an interventional program based on the theory of ethology on infant breast feeding competence materials and methods: 114 primiparous, iranian, healthy, full term mothers bet...

Cells obtained from normal human skin synthesize predominantly type I collogen in culture. Cells obtained from the skin of an infant with a severe form of osteogenesis imperfecta were found to synthesize as much type III as type I collagen. Decreased synthesis of type I collagen could explain the tissue fragility observed in this case.

Indigenous populations experience higher rates of poverty, disease and mortality than non-indigenous populations. To gauge current and future risks among Tsimane Amerindians of Bolivia, I assess mortality rates and growth early in life, and changes in risks due to modernization, based on demographic interviews conducted Sept. 2002-July 2005. Tsimane have high fertility (total fertility rate = 9...

INTRODUCTION The success of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is dependent upon high retention of mother-infant pairs within these programmes. This is a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that aim to improve PMTCT service delivery and promote retention throughout the PMTCT steps. METHODS Selected databases were searched for studies publish...

Central pattern generators (CPGs) control rhythmic behaviors such as breathing and heartbeat in invertebrates (Calabrese and Marder 1996). Malfunctions in a CPG may have a variety of detrimental effects such as abrupt disruption of breathing, as has been implicated in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (Paydarfar et al. 2005; Moon et al. 2007). In the United States SIDS has been responsible fo...