Abstract: The need for energy continues to increase along with rapid population growth. Fuel is one of the most critical sectors. However, limited availability fossil fuels and issue air pollution have prompted various studies find alternative that are renewable environmentally friendly. In this study, conversion castor oil into biohydrocarbons through hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process using HZS...

Pt/Zr(x)-HMS/HZSM-5 catalysts with different ratios of Silicium/Zirconium (denoted as x) were studied for normal heptane reforming at 350-450 °C temperature range. For this purpose, the properties of the catalysts such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, NH3-temperature pro...