In a system with hysteresis, the system response lags the excitation [16, 21] — for any excitation [10]. Hysteretic behavior is commonly depicted as loops in graphs (2D plots) of periodic (oscillatory) output vs. periodic input. In rate-dependent hysteresis, the size and shape of the hysteresis loop changes with the rate or frequency of the input. If the loop collapses to a function (e.g., a cu...

In this paper, an adaptive hysteresis band current controller is proposed for active power filter to eliminate harmonics and to compensate the reactive power of three-phase rectifier. The adaptive hysteresis band current controller, proposed by Bose [An adaptive hysteresis band current control technique of a voltage feed PWM inverter for machine drive system, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 37 (5) (...

The bright blazar Mkn 421 has been observed four times for uninterrupted durations of ∼ 9 − 13 hr during the performance verification and calibration phases of the XMM-Newton mission. The source was strongly variable in all epochs, with variability amplitudes that generally increased to higher energy bands. Although the detailed relationship between soft (0.1–0.75 keV) and hard (2–10 keV) band ...

A peloton is a group of cyclists whose individual and collective energy expenditures are reduced when cyclists ride behind others in zones of reduced air pressure; this effect is known in cycling as ‘drafting’. Through drafting cyclists couple their energy expenditures. Coupling of cyclists’ energy expenditures when drafting is the basic peloton property from which self-organized collective beh...

In this research, softening and ratcheting behaviors of Ck20 alloy steel cylindrical shells were studied under displacement-control and force-control cyclic axial loading and the behavior of hysteresis curves of specimens was also investigated. Experimental tests were performed by a servo-hydraulic INSTRON 8802 machine. The mechanical properties of specimens were determined according to ASTM E8...

Electrical steels are important alloys widely used in electrical instruments. The magnetic properties and low core loss of grain oriented silicon steels are closely related to the sharpness of Goss texture ({110} ).The direction of is the softest direction for magnetism.  In this work, the microstructure and dependence of orientation density along the major texture fibers on the applied cold ro...

Although its value varies with the microstructure, hysteresis always accompanies hydride formation and decomposition in Pd(pure)-H, e.g., it is present even in nano-crystalline and thin films. Internal oxidation of Pd0.93Cr0.07 alloys leads to a pure Pd matrix containing nano-crystalline chromia precipitates. The characteristic hysteresis of Pd-H almost disappears in this form of Pd. The reason...

A general formulation of scalar hysteresis is proposed. This formulation is based on two steps. First, a generating function g(x) is associated with an individual system, and a hysteresis evolution operator is defined by an appropriate envelope construction applied to g(x), inspired by the overdamped dynamics of systems evolving in multistable free-energy landscapes. Second, the average hystere...

The main focus of this article is to investigate the effects of Adaptive control on the switching frequency and Total Harmonic Distortion of a modified, minimally switched hysteresis controlled shunt active power filter. Reference current generation was done using Instantaneous real and reactive power algorithm. Pulses to the minimally switched grid interactive inverter in which only two switch...