A neuroinvasive respiratory coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 causes a variety of neurological responses in patients. These include dizziness, headache, myalgias, hypogeusia, hyposmia, polyneuropathy, myositis, cerebrovascular disease, encephalitis and encephalopathy. Such susceptibility the central nervous system (CNS) to virus has spurred interest neuropsychological research COVID-19 patients convalesc...

Ever since the seminal description by James Parkinson almost 200 years ago the clinical definition of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is anchored on the presence of motor symptoms. The internationally most widely used UK Brain Bank Criteria require the presence of bradykinesia plus at least one additional feature of tremor, rigidity or deficient postural reflexes for a clinical diagnosis of PD. On the...

Background: Non-motor symptoms in PD usually arise at very early stage and vary during the whole disease progression. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered as a highly efficient treatment option for PD's motor function. However, effect of DBS on NMS, especially hyposmia, has not been fully understood deep connection between different NMS such hyposmia constipation still unknown. Objective:...