PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of amblyopia and refractive errors among 7 to 12-year-old primary school children in Tehran, Iran. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study included 2,410 randomly selected students. Visual acuity was tested using an E-chart on Yang vision tester. Refractive errors were measured by photorefractometry and cycloautorefraction. Strabismus was checke...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of refractive error types in Singaporean Chinese children aged 6 to 72 months. METHODS The Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive Error in Singaporean Children (STARS) is a population-based study in southwest Singapore. Door-to-door recruitment of participants was used, with disproportionate random sampling in 6-month increments. Parental questionnaires were ...

AIMS To evaluate the clinical course and the characteristics of transient refractive error occurring during intensive glycaemic control of severe hyperglycaemia. METHODS 28 eyes of patients with persistent diabetes were included in this prospective study. During the observation period, patients underwent general ophthalmological examination and A-mode scan ultrasonography was performed at eac...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of refractive errors among high school students. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we applied stratified cluster sampling on high school students of Aligoudarz, Western Iran. Examinations included visual acuity, non-cycloplegic refraction by autorefraction and fine tuning with retinoscopy. Myopia and hyperopia were defined as spherical equivalent of -0.5/...

PURPOSE To assess the long-term safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability of conductive keratoplasty (CK) for the treatment of low to moderate hyperopia and to evaluate the impact of the procedure on the quality of vision. SETTING University of Crete, Medical School, Vardinoyannion Eye Institute of Crete, Crete, Greece. METHODS In this prospective nonrandomized noncontrolled single-ce...

PURPOSE Accommodation can mask hyperopia and reduce the accuracy of non-cycloplegic refraction. It is, therefore, important to minimize accommodation to obtain a measure of hyperopia as accurate as possible. To characterize the parameters required to measure the maximally hyperopic error using photorefraction, we used different target types and distances to determine which target was most likel...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Yazd, central Iran. METHODS This population-based study was performed in 2010-2011 and targeted adults aged 40 to 80 years. Multi-stage random cluster sampling was applied to select samples from urban and rural residents of Yazd. Manifest refraction, visual acuity measurement, retinoscopy and funduscopy were performed for all subject...

Continuous exposure of chicks to light was shown to result in severe hyperopia, accompanied by anterior segment changes, such as severe corneal flattening. Since rearing chicks in complete darkness results only in mild hyperopia and minor changes in corneal curvature, we hypothesized that light intensity may play a role in the development of refractive changes under continuous light illuminatio...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in the public and private school system in the city of Natal, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS Refractometry was performed on both eyes of 1,024 randomly selected students, enrolled in the 2001 school year and the data were evaluated by the SPSS Data Editor 10.0. Ametropia was divided into: 1- from 0.1 to 0.99 diopter (D); 2- 1.0 to 2.99 D;...

purpose : to determine the prevalence of the refractive errors in the elderly population of sari, iran methods : in this study, after selecting the participants through random cluster sampling, they all received ocular examinations including visual acuity (va) measurement, refraction, fundoscopy and tonometry. after measuring uncorrected visual acuity (ucva), non-cycloplegic refraction was perf...