We report bacterial growth under hypergravitational stress. Cultures of E. coli and B. subtilis were subjected to the gravitational stress (38g) and their growth curves were measured using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Experiments were also carried out to investigate nutrient consumption under hypergravitational conditions. Our results show considerable difference between samples subjected to hyper...

As space flight becomes more accessible in the future, humans will be exposed to gravity conditions other than our 1G environment on Earth. Our bodies and physiology, however, are adapted for life at 1G gravity. Altering gravity can have profound effects on the body, particularly the development of muscles, but the reasons and biology behind gravity's effect are not fully known. We asked whethe...

The effects of intermittent hypergravity on gait alterations and hindlimb muscle atrophy in rats induced by 2 weeks of simulated microgravity were investigated. Rats were submitted to hindlimb unloading for 2 weeks (unloading period), followed by 2 weeks of reloading (recovery period). During the unloading period, animals were subjected to the following treatments: (1) free in cages (Control); ...

Early amphibian development is sensitive to both reduced and elevated gravitational force. But later, following gastrulation and neurulation, a critical population of cells must migrate from the dorsal neural tube outward to destinations throughout the body where they differentiate into a wide variety of critical tissues including head cartilage. These cells, the neural crest cells, respond to ...

We propose a new line of attack to create a finite quantum theory which includes general relativity and (possibly) the standard model in its low energy limit. The theory would emerge naturally from the categorical approach. The traces of morphisms from the category of representations we use to construct the state sum also admit interpretation as Feynman diagrams, so the non-categorically minded...

The endothelial cells (ECs), which line the inner surface of vessels, play a fundamental role in maintaining vascular integrity and tissue homeostasis, since they regulate local blood flow and other physiological processes. ECs are highly sensitive to mechanical stress, including hypergravity and microgravity. Indeed, they undergo morphological and functional changes in response to alterations ...

Hypergravity is able to stimulate at a cellular level both the lignin formation and the peroxidase enzyme action in plants. Centrifuges have proven to be one of the most important tools for researchers for simulating such conditions. This paper presents a new design for a centrifuge simulating hypergravity used for plant experiments. It represents a more robust and completely redesigned equipme...

The design concept of a modular and extensible hypergravity facility is presented. Several benefits of this facility are described including that the facility is suitable as a fullscale artificial-gravity space-settlement ground analogue for humans, animals, and plants for indefinite durations. The design is applicable as an analogue for on-orbit settlements as well as those on moons, asteroids...