An apparatus is described for the measurement of second-order nonlinear optical properties via hyper-Rayleigh scattering with 1 cm spectral resolution of the scattered light. The setup allows a complete investigation of the polarization dependence of the second-harmonic scattered light. The combination of good spectral resolution, polarization analysis, and high sensitivity allows the determina...

Pain is both a sensory and an emotional experience, and is subject to modulation by a number of factors including genetic background modulating stress/affect. The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat exhibits a stress-hyper-responsive and depressive-like phenotype and increased sensitivity to noxious stimuli, compared with other rat strains. Here, we show that this genotype-dependent hyperalgesia is associat...

hyper ige syndrome (hies) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease. most of hies cases are sporadic. hies type ad is caused by mutation in signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (stat-3). a number of mosaicism hies has been reported that is associated with intermediate phenotype. autosomal recessive hies (ar-hies) is due to mutation in dock-8 or cytokine sis 8 and tyk2 or tyrosine...

The proposed encryption algorithm is composed of two parts, permutation and diffusion. we firstly separate the RGB image into R, G, B components, and Generate three chaotic sequences by chaotic maps to encryption. Then, transform the R, G, B components and the chaotic sequences into DNA code, and get DNA sequences matrix. Secondly, DNA matrices of the RGB image is permutated under the Chen’s hy...

Both hyper- and hypo-activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity are a consistently reported hallmark feature of stress-related disorders, such as major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), respectively. In this manuscript, however, we are summarizing evidence pointing to altered glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity in relevant target tissues for HPA axis hormo...

Thyroid-related hormones regulate the efficiency and expression of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases in cardiac and skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the relationship between thyroid hormones and calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in the brain. It is hypothesized that manipulating rat thyroid hormone levels would induce significant brain Ca2+ adaptations consistent with clinical...

Continuous-time recurrent neural networks (CTRNNs) are potentially an excellent substrate for the generation of adaptive behaviour in artificial autonomous agents. However, node saturation effects in these networks can leave them insensitive to input and stop signals from propagating. Node saturation is related to the problems of hyper-excitation and quiescence in biological nervous systems, wh...

Practical exploitation of optimal dual control (ODC) theory continues to be hindered by the difficulties involved in numerically solving the associated stochastic dynamic programming (SDPs) problems. In particular, high-dimensional hyper-states coupled with the nesting of optimizations and integrations within these SDP problems render their exact numerical solution computationally prohibitive. ...