PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the value of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in early detection of retinal alterations in patients using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ). METHODS FAF imaging was performed in a consecutive series of 25 patients with long-term CQ or HCQ treatment (duration, >1 year), with or without visual disturbances. In...

We evaluated the cutaneous lupus erythematosus disease area and severity index (CLASI) in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in order to design a clinical trial of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in Japan. Our prospective cohort study consisted of seven SLE patients with active skin disease who started HCQ at Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center. The therapeutic responses were...

Here we have explored whether inhibition of autophagy can be used as a treatment strategy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Steady-state autophagy was measured in leukemic cell lines and primary human CD34+ AML cells with a large variability in basal autophagy between AMLs observed. The autophagy flux was higher in AMLs classified as poor risk, which are frequently associated with TP53 mutation...

Purpose To compare various screening methods for the early diagnosis of retinal dysfunction in patients with long-term chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment. Methods Twenty patients with long-term CQ/HCQ treatment underwent ophthalmologic evaluation including visual acuity testing, ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, color vision tests, visual field and multifocal electro...

Over the past few years, a number of studies have provided new information about the proper dosage, relative risk, fundus distribution, and screening guidelines for the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ). These are excellent drugs for systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) and rheumatoid diseases, but excessive and prolonged intake can cause irreversible retinopathy. However, the ...

Objective: The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused the death of many people worldwide. Treatment protocol had to be developed as soon possible so drug combinations, whose reliability not been fully disclosed, have started used. In this study, we aimed evaluate effect azithromycin (AZT), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and favipiravir (FVR) combination on corrected QT (QTc) interva...

Background: Hydroxychloroquine(HCQ), one of the repurposed drugs in COVID-19, has several known cardiovascular(CVS) toxicities.
 Methods: VigiBase data were used to analyze reported ADEs linked HCQ. The analyzed based on age, gender, and seriousness at System Organ Classification level individual Preferred Term level.
 Results: majority above 18 years(91.6%) from Europe(41.6%). A tota...

Abstract Aims Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a worldwide pandemic. Many clinical trials have been initiated to fight the disease. Among those, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin had initially suggested improve outcomes. Despite any demonstrated beneficial effects, they are still in use some countries but reported prolong QT interval induce life-threatening arrhythmia...

Background The definition of remission in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear, especially how background treatment should be interpreted. Objective To determine preferences of clinicians in treatment of patients in clinical remission from SLE and to assess how previous severity, duration of remission and serology influence changes in treatment. Methods We undertook an interne...

BACKGROUND Autophagy is an important oncotarget that can be modulated during anti-cancer therapy. Enhancing autophagy using chemotherapy and rapamycin (Rapa) treatment and then inhibiting it using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) could synergistically improve therapy outcome in cancer patients. It is still unclear whether addition of Rapa and HCQ to chemotherapy could be used for reversing drug resista...