Automation means Delegation of human control to machine. A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is a device that was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for machine control. A SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition System) is used to control the process where person cannot go or stay for longer period. The aim of tis paper is to provide information about hoelectric...

The Kafue basin ecosystem is the only remaining natural habitat for the endangered Kafue lechwe antelope (Kobus leche Kafuensis). However, hydroelectricity power production, large-scale sugar plantations, commercial fishing and increasing livestock production are threatening its natural existence and sustainability. Further, increasing human settlements within and around the Kafue basin have re...

Most of the energy produced in Quebec comes from renewable sources. The concept of wind energy emerged in the late 1990's and has since become a complementary source of energy alongside hydroelectricity. Wind farms are generally seen as a good sustainable way to produce energy. However, they are not implemented without some impact on the environment. SNC-Lavalin Environment has performed many s...

Energy generated by the force of water in hydropower can provide a more sustainable, non-polluting alternative to fossil fuels, along with other renewable sources of energy, such as wind, solar and tidal power, bio energy and geothermal energy. Small scale hydroelectricity in Iran is well suited for “off-grid” rural electricity applications, while other renewable energy sources, such as wind, s...

The energy demand is sharply increasing due to industrialization, huge population growth, and increased comfort lives etc. This energy demand mostly extracts from the fossil fuels which is non-renewable and the known reservoirs expected to finish in near future. The whole world may face energy crisis soon, altogether the fossil fuel produces greenhouse gasses (GHG) which cause the climate chang...

Arsenic is released from various geothermal fields in the central North Island of New Zealand, into the Waikato River. Arsenic concentrations in the river water typically range from 0.02 to 0.06 mg/L. A review of As behaviour in this large catchment system is presented, based on over 10 years of water quality monitoring data and the results of more detailed, specific studies of As speciation an...

In utilizing various alternative energy, generators are used to convert energy into electrical for example, biomass, wind, and hydroelectricity. Generally, the measurements made on rotational speed in form of revolutions per minute (RPM). developing lab-scale power sources, availability with complete quality specifications is still minimal, including RPM capacity. Therefore, measurement which c...

In Brazil, hydroelectricity represents close to 70% of the energy consumed in country. However, hydroelectric plant operations may be affected by deposit sediments for erosive processes on reservoir margins. This study presents results implementing two semi-rigid erosion control techniques installed margins Brazilian Hydroelectric Power Plants (HPPs). These were gabion and mattress used as a mi...

Decarbonisation is essential to limiting the electricity sector’s contributions CO2 emissions. Simultaneously, there recognition of need increase access in many parts sub-Saharan Africa, such as Malawi, with renewable energies suggested capable meeting these needs. However, drive for low carbon electrification, especially settings where biomass use cooking widespread, may act a driver new and i...

With growing populations and changing climate, the food, energy water (FEW) security have become a global issue. In response, concept of FEW nexus in which interdependency between sectors are taken into account order to effectively manage resources provide has emerged. Thus, understand thorough quantitative framework is necessary. Although there numerous studies on nexus, limited research devel...