Catalyst deactivation is usually indispensable, although the rate at which it occurs varies greatly. At first, this article discusses the causes of deactivation in a commercial hydrocracking unit called Isomax. Then, a 5-lump kinetic model including catalyst decay function for hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil in a commercial plant is proposed. The model considers vacuum gas oil (VGO) having boil...

In this study, the performance of NiMo catalysts over an amorphous SiO2-Al2O3 and SO4-Al2O3 with various contents of H2SO4 was investigated for the n-hexadecane hydrocracking (n-C16) using a down flow fixed bed micro-reactor. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using BET, XRD, and NH...

In this article, the improved space-time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method are used to simulate the dynamic treatment of the hydrocracking reactor. The dynamic model consists of four lumps: vacuum gas oil (VGO), middle distillate, naphtha, and gas which is dissolved by this method. The offered method can solve the partial differential equations caused by the reactions insi...

This paper summarizes the experience gained over seven years of operating an H-Oil ebullated-bed vacuum residue hydrocracking unit. The following key factors in improving performance process were identified, including feedstock quality, catalyst condition, as well loading and utilization unconverted residue. optimum combination these four allowed a conversion rate about 90% to be achieved. chal...