The present study is an attempt to treat the coffee processing wastewater using upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor which offers the advantage of both suspended and attached growth anaerobic reactor systems. Upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor with a volume of 19.5 L was operated at 24 h hydraulic retention time. After the startup period, the reactor was evaluated by operating at different hydraulic re...

Nitrogen availability has a strong influence on plant growth and development. In this study, we examined the effect of nitrogen availability on xylogenesis in hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x deltoides H11-11). Saplings of hybrid poplar were fertilized for 33 d with either high or adequate levels of ammonium nitrate. We observed enhanced radial growth, wider vessels and fibres and thinner f...

Tele-operated hydraulic underwater manipulators are commonly used to perform remote underwater intervention tasks such as weld inspection or mating of connectors.Automation of these tasks to use tele-assistance requires a suitable hybrid position/forcecontrol scheme, to specify simultaneously the robot motion and contact forces. Classicallinear control does not allow for the highly ...

Compensation of delay and dynamic response of servo-hydraulic actuator is critical to the stability and accuracy of hybrid experimental and numerical simulations of the seismic response of structures. In this study, current procedures for compensation of actuator delay are examined and improved procedures are proposed. The proposed procedures need little or no a priori information about the beh...

Hydraulic hybrid drivetrains, which are fluid power technologies implemented in automobiles, present a popular alternative to conventional drivetrain architectures due their high energy savings, flexibility transmission, and ease of operation. drivetrains offer multiple environmental benefits compared other transmission technologies. They provide heavy-duty vehicles, e.g., commercial transporta...

The present paper proposes a methodology to organize model libraries of electro-hydraulic components. This methodology holds in the association of an object oriented modeling, equation based, language for model structure description, with a graphical formalism suitable for the dynamic behavior description of reactive hybrid systems. That is, a recent general purpose language for physical modeli...