The concept of brittleness plays a crucial role in the development of tight oil and gas as it reflects a rock’s ability to fail and maintain a fracture in a hydraulic fracture experiment. Conventional methods that attempt to quantify the degree of brittleness associated with a rock mass have a few shortcomings. For example, failure criteria are not used and only the effective moduli are conside...

Recently, AIRBUS and ONERA were involved in the ESACS (Enhanced Safety Assessment for Complex Systems) European project. The aim of this project was to investigate new safety assessment techniques based on the use of formal design languages and associated tools. Two case-studies based on AIRBUS aircraft were used to validate the approach. Both a complete hydraulic system and an electric system ...

Due to the immense damage caused by dam failure, especially dams constructed near large cities, it is necessary to consider the breaking phenomena as well as studying and designing different parts of the dam. For this purpose, the hydrograph of the outflow due to dam failure must be identified according to size of the fracture and then flood routing, and flood zone must be determined based on t...

Drought-related tree die-off episodes have been observed in all vegetated continents. Despite much research effort, however, the multiple interactions between carbon starvation, hydraulic failure and biotic agents in driving tree mortality under field conditions are still not well understood. We analysed the seasonal variability of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in four organs (leaves, bra...

To design hydraulic structures, predicting the discharge of flood is necessary, the main cause lies in failure that may occur in downstream. Most hydraulic structures were destructed because of the lack of resistance against floods with flow rate more than design flood, so selecting design flood is one of important decisions should be made as an effective factor accompany with other hydrologic ...

Rowland et al. (2015) published recently in Nature a study suggesting that "death from drought in tropical forests is triggered by hydraulics not carbon starvation". We have reanalyzed they data with the objective of placing them in a more global perspective. Drought is one of the major forces shaping forest ecosystems around the world, but much remains unknown about the mechanisms by which dro...

Large artery stiffness is an important mediator of cardiovascular disease. Aortic stiffening causally contributes to isolated systolic hypertension and increases left ventricular pulsatile hydraulic load, which is important in conditions such as heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, and valvular heart disease (particularly aortic stenosis). In addition, there is increasing recognition of t...