We define a semi-magic square to be a square matrix whose entries are nonnegative integers and whose rows and columns (that is, lines) sum up to the same number. A magic square is a semimagic square whose main diagonals also add up to the line sum. A symmetric magic square is a magic square which is a symmetric matrix. A pandiagonal magic square is a semi-magic square whose diagonals parallel t...

Bushmeat hunting threatens biodiversity and increases the risk of zoonotic pathogen transmission. Nevertheless, limited information exists on patterns of contact with wildlife in communities that practice bushmeat hunting, especially with respect to social drivers of hunting behavior. We used interview responses from hunters and non-hunters in rural hunting communities in Nigeria to: 1) quantif...

Z k-magic labelings of fans and wheels with magic-value zero Abstract Let A be a non-trivial abelian group and A * = A − {0}. A graph is A-magic if there exists an edge labeling using elements of A * which induces a constant vertex labeling of the graph. For fan graphs F n and wheel graphs W n , we determine the sets of numbers k ∈ N, where F n and W n have Z k-magic labelings with magic-value 0.

Magic Lounge is a virtual meeting application which will integrate a number of technologies most of which are already known, such as www and video conferencing. In addition, Magic Lounge will integrate the innovations necessary to achieve the envisioned Magic Lounge functionality as described in [Dybkjær and Bernsen 1998]. Figure 1 outlines the physical Magic Lounge environment, i.e. how users ...

For a positive integer k, a graph G (V, E) is £k-magic if there exists a function, namely, a labeling, I : E(G) -+ £k such that the induced vertex set labeling [+ : V(G) £k, where [+(v) is the sum of the labels of the edges incident with a vertex v is a constant map. The set of all positive integer k such that G is k-magic is denoted by IM(G). We call this set the integer-magic spectrum of G. I...

introduction: in radiotherapy, methods of treatment planning are becoming increasingly more complicated. this requires verification of the doses delivered to increasingly smaller and more precise regions. radiotherapy techniques are continuously employing smaller and smaller field sizes to deliver tighter radiation doses with higher therapeutic ratios, generating interest among researchers to p...

Magic rectangles are well-known for its very interesting and entertaining combinatorics. In a magic rectangle, the numbers 1 to mn are arranged in an array of m rows and n columns so that each row adds to the same total M and each column to the same total N . In the present paper we provide a new systematic method for constructing any even by even magic rectangle. The method proposed is extreme...

The first MAGIC telescope is close to completion and soon will start to collect data. Parallel to the ongoing MAGIC construction we pursuit studies for the future 2nd phase of the MAGIC observatory project. We have been considering 3 choices for the extension of the project: a) To build a ∼30 m diameter telescope in the vicinity of MAGIC. b) To give MAGIC another camera based on very high quant...

Using computational algebraic geometry techniques and Hilbert bases of polyhedral cones we derive explicit formulas and generating functions for the number of magic squares and magic cubes. Magic cubes and squares are very popular combinatorial objects (see [2, 15, 17] and their references). A magic square is a square matrix whose entries are nonnegative integers and whose row sums, column sums...

Contemporary subsistence hunting practices of North American Indians have been questioned because of hunters’ use of modern technologies and integration of wage-based and subsistence livelihoods. Tribal traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) has been questioned on similar grounds and used as justification for ignoring tribal perspectives on critical natural resource conservation and development...