OBJECTIVE To assess the anatomical variations of the pronator teres muscle (PTM) and its implication in the compression of the median nerve, which passes through the humeral and ulnar heads of the PTM. METHODS For the present study, 100 upper limbs from human cadavers from the anatomy laboratory were dissected. Forty-six specimens were male and four, female, whose aged ranged from 28 to 77 ye...

STUDY DESIGN Basic Science. To investigate humeral head translations and glenohumeral ligament elongation with a dual fluoroscopic imaging system. BACKGROUND The glenohumeral ligaments are partially responsible for restraining the humeral head during the extremes of shoulder motion. However, in-vivo glenohumeral ligaments elongation patterns have yet to be determined. Therefore, the objective...

BACKGROUND Glenohumeral osteoarthritis often results in inferior humeral osteophytes. Anatomic studies suggest that the axillary neurovascular bundle is in close proximity to the glenohumeral capsule. We therefore hypothesize that an inferior humeral osteophyte of sufficient magnitude could encroach on the axillary nerve and result in measurable fatty infiltration of the teres minor muscle. M...

Fracture-dislocation of the humeral head into the thoracic cavity is a rare injury. We present one such case in a 70-year-old woman. She presented with a 4-part fracture-dislocation of the proximal humerus, with displacement of the humeral head into the thoracic cavity. She had no signs of acute distress or hemodynamic instability. She underwent hemiarthroplasty of the right shoulder, but the h...

The purpose of this study was to identify the role of humeral elevation of the non-throwing arm in relation to maximum ball velocity (MBV) in unconstrained overarm throws in children aged 12-14. 3D motion analysis was used to investigate the throwing technique of 144 students. The group was classified as ‘skilled’ or ‘less skilled’ based on MBV at release. Joints kinematics and timing of segmen...

BACKGROUND Humeral head fractures and their postoperative outcome remain a challenging problem in surgical daily routine. Predictive factors for loss of fixation are rare. OBJECTIVE Determination of predictive factors for the failure of osteosynthesis with the loss of fixation or migration of screws in humeral head fractures. METHOD From 1995 to 2011, 408 patients with proximal humeral frac...

BACKGROUND Humeral retroversion is variable among individuals, and there are several measurement methods. This study was conducted to compare the concordance and reliability between the standard method and 5 other measurement methods on two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) scans. METHODS CT scans from 21 patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty (19 women and 2 men; mean age, 70.1...

The incidence of a fractured humeral head penetrating into the thoracic cavity is extremely rare. A 46-year-old woman presented with moderate respiratory distress at the emergency department after being involved in a motor vehicle accident. Radiographic examinations revealed fractures of the second to fifth ribs on the left side along with hemopneumothorax and fracture-dislocation of the humera...