The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the human body. The cost of such versatility is an increased risk of injury. It is important that family physicians understand the anatomy of the shoulder, mechanisms of injury, typical physical and radiologic findings, approach to management of injuries, and indications for referral. Clavicle fractures are among the most common acute shoulder injuries, ...

Introduction: The use of exoskeletons as a new ergonomics intervention to reduce musculoskeletal disorders risk factors and increase human performance has emerged in the fourth-generation industrial revolution. The aim of this study was to assess the cervical exoskeleton effect on the neck and shoulder muscles electrical activity. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 14 male parti...

conclusions bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation is rare. it could be undiagnosed, especially when there is no clear history of major trauma. by awareness of such unusual possibility, early diagnosis, treatment, and reduction can provide desirable outcome. introduction shoulder dislocation is the most common presentation of joint dislocation in emergency department (ed). bilateral shoulder d...

osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor and accounts for 10% of benign tumors. almost any bones can be involved but half of cases involving femur or tibia. osteoid osteoma is a rare tumor of the scapula with only 18 reported cases in the literature. we presented a case of osteoid osteoma of the scapula in right shoulder in angle of coracoid and geloneid in a 34- year old woman. she had right rad...

BACKGROUND The current study evaluated the outcomes of biologic resurfacing of the glenoid using a lateral meniscus allograft or human acellular dermal tissue matrix at intermediate-term follow-up. METHODS Forty-five patients (mean age, 42.2 years) underwent biologic resurfacing of the glenoid, and 41 were available for follow-up at a mean of 2.8 years. Lateral meniscal allograft resurfacing ...

The postcranial evidence for the Australopithecus genus indicates that australopiths were able bipeds; however, the morphology of the forelimbs and particularly that of the shoulder girdle suggests that they were partially adapted to an arboreal lifestyle. The nature of such arboreal adaptations is still unclear, as are the kind of arboreal behaviors in which australopiths might have engaged. I...

The upper and lower subscapular nerves provide innervation to the subscapularis muscle. However, the axillary nerve may provide a significant innervation to the lower portion of the muscle. The prevalence and patterns of anomalous innervation of the subscapularis muscle were studied to determine if these variations increased the risk of muscle denervation during open shoulder surgery. Twenty hu...

CONTEXT Primary anterior shoulder dislocation is a frequent injury in young active patients. Traditionally, conservative nonoperative primary treatment has been advocated for a majority of first-time dislocators, whereas operative stabilization has been reserved for recurrent dislocators or those involved in strenuous physical activity. Currently, no consensus exists on whether to treat a first...

1. Arm movements toward a target involving motion at the shoulder and elbow joints and restricted to the sagittal plane were investigated. During some movements, target location changed suddenly, thus requiring an intentional correction of the trajectory by the human subject. 2. The reaction time to correct the trajectory was comparable to the reaction time to initiate the movement. 3. Coordina...

In general, all the keypad based authentication system having several possibilities of password guessing by means of shoulder movements. Shoulder-surfing is an attack on password authentication that has traditionally been hard to defeat. This problem has come up with a new solution. Devising a user authentication scheme based on personal identification numbers (PINs) that is both secure and pra...