Human trafficking has been described as modern-day slavery. Its victims are exploited for labor, including commercial sex. To control their victims, traffickers use force, fraud, or coercion, including techniques such as confinement, beatings, rape, confiscation of documents, debt bondage, false offers of employment, and threats of harm to the victim or the victim's family. Positions in which v...

, 2 HOBBY LOBBY STORES, INC.; Mardel, Inc.; David Green; Barbara Green; Mart Green; Steve Green; Darsee Lett, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Kathleen SEBELIUS, in her official capacity as Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services; United States Department of Health and Human Services; Hilda Solis, Secretary of the United States Department of Labor; United States Departme...

The data described in this article is the subject of an article in the American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology, titled "The Human Uterine Smooth Muscle S-nitrosoproteome Fingerprint in Pregnancy, Labor, and Preterm Labor" (doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00198.2013) (Ulrich et al., 2013) [1]. The data described is a large scale mass spectrometry data set that defines the human uterine smooth muscle...

Training deep belief networks (DBNs) is normally done with large data sets. Our goal is to predict traces of the surface of the tongue in ultrasound images of human speech. Hand-tracing is labor-intensive; the dataset is highly imbalanced since many images are extremely similar. We propose a bootstrapping method which handles this imbalance by iteratively selecting a small subset of images to b...

Subjective Discount Rates, Intergenerational Transfers and the Return to Schooling Using a dynamic programming model of schooling decisions, we investigate the relationship between subjective discount rates and the labor market ability (the discount rate bias) on a panel taken from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Given household human capital and Armed Forces Qualification tes...

Public Policy and the Labor Market Adjustment of New Immigrants to Australia Two separate cohorts of immigrants to Australia are compared in order to assess the potential role of immigrant selection criteria, labor market conditions, and income-support policy in facilitating the labor market adjustment of new arrivals. Although these two cohorts entered Australia only five years apart, their in...

This paper uses personnel records for workers employed by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) between 1921 and 1944 to examine the extent to which observed career dynamics are consistent with the predictions of various models of internal labor markets. In addition, the findings provide new insight into how internal labor markets responded to Great Depression. Similar to some previous empirical s...

We consider why the gender division of labor is so often enforced by custom and why customary gender divisions of labor generally involve both direction and prohibition. In our formal model, agents first learn skills and then enter the marriage market. We show that wasteful behavior may emerge due to strategic incentives in specialization choice and human capital acquisition and that both probl...

Examining child labor through the lenses of weak agency, distributive inequality, and harm suggests that not all work performed by children is equally morally objectionable. Some work, especially work that does not interfere with or undermine their health or education, may allow children to develop skills they need to become well-functioning adults and broaden their future opportunities. Other ...