CD137 (ILA/4-1BB), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, promotes adherence and prolongs survival of human peripheral monocytes. It induces a strong expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), an essential monocyte survival factor. Monocyte survival induced by CD137 is primarily mediated by M-CSF and to a lesser extent by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stim...

Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1), either in purified or in recombinant form, is able to generate macrophagic colonies in a murine bone marrow colony assay, but only stimulates small macrophagic colonies of 40-50 cells in a human bone marrow colony assay. We report here that recombinant human granulocytic/macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) at concentration...

Using a multiprobe RNase protection assay, we examined cytokine and chemokine mRNAs that were expressed after corneal infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. Cytokines that were upregulated included interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and -1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-11, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-st...

Anti-murine (m) interleukin-5 (IL-5) antibody was found to inhibit eosinophil (Eo) colony formation stimulated by recombinant human (rh) IL-5, but did not inhibit the production of Eo stimulated by rh lL-3 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Conditioned medium (CM) prepared from eosinophilic patients’ T cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulation (T-lL-2-CM), was found...

introduction: various neuroregenerative procedures have been recently employed along with neurorehabilitation programs to promote neurological function after spinal cord injury (sci), and recently most of them have focused on the acute stage of spinal cord injury. in this report, we present a case of acute sci treated with neuroprotective treatments in conjunction with conventional rehabilitati...

Hematopoietic stem cell differentiation occurs in direct proximity to osteoblasts within the bone marrow cavity. Despite this striking affiliation, surprisingly little is known about the precise cellular and molecular impact of osteoblasts on the bone marrow microenvironment. Recently, we showed that human osteoblasts produce a variety of cytokine mRNAs including granulocyte colony-stimulating ...

X-irradiation of purified primary cultures of mouse bone marrow stroma or permanent cloned marrow stromal cell lines in plateau phase decreases production of macrophage progenitor cell-specific colony-stimulating factor to a plateau minimum of 40% of control levels after doses of 50 to 500 Gy delivered at 2 Gy/min. After 50 Gy there is increased bioavailability of another growth factor(s) that ...