The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is a major threat to grapevine cultivation worldwide. A screen of 41 Vitis genotypes for leaf resistance to B. cinerea suggested species independent variation and revealed 18 resistant Chinese wild Vitis genotypes, while most investigated V. vinifera, or its hybrids, were susceptible. A particularly resistant Chinese wild Vitis, "Pingli-5" (V. sp. [Qinli...

In this study, we used a systems biology approach to investigate changes in the proteome and metabolome of shrimp hemocytes infected by the invertebrate virus WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) at the viral genome replication stage (12 hpi) and the late stage (24 hpi). At 12 hpi, but not at 24 hpi, there was significant up-regulation of the markers of several metabolic pathways associated with th...

Building on prior research (Meyer, Foster, & Anderson, 2006), the present study examined the utility of three approaches to validate the Performance Improvement Characteristics (PIC; Hogan & Rybicki, 1998). The PIC is a job analysis instrument used to assess personal characteristics important to successful job performance. Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI; Hogan & Hogan, 1995) data in seven arc...

BACKGROUND Although the etiology of idiopathic ulcerative colitis (UC) remains poorly understood, the intestinal flora is suspected to play an important role. Specific, consistent abnormalities in flora composition peculiar to UC have not yet been described, however Clostridium difficile colitis has been cured by the infusion of human fecal flora into the colon. This approach may also be applic...

During plant defense against bacterial pathogens, the hypersensitive response (HR) functions to restrict pathogen growth and spread. The mechanisms driving this growth restriction are poorly understood. We used a water stress-responsive transcriptional fusion to quantify the water potential sensed by individual Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 cells during infection of Arabidopsis thalian...

BACKGROUND Ethanol exposure during pregnancy is one of the leading causes of preventable birth defects, leading to a range of symptoms collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. More moderate levels of prenatal ethanol exposure lead to a range of behavioural deficits including aggression, poor social interaction, poor cognitive performance and increased likelihood of addiction in la...

Abstract Upon infecting a host cell, the reticulate body (RB) form of Chlamydia bacteria simply proliferates by binary fission for an extended period. Available data show only RB units in infected cells 20 hours post infection (hpi), spanning nearly half way through development cycle. With collected every 4 hpi, conversion to elementary (EB) begins abruptly at rapid rate sometime around 24 hpi....

Objectives: Among patients with West Syndrome (WS), the underlying brain dysfunction is considered to be the major determinant of cognitive outcome. However, regardless of whether the WS type is symptomatic or cryptogenic, patients with infantile spasms may have a favourable or grim prognosis. The purpose of this study was to utilize electroencephalography (EEG) to guide treatment, and to asses...

The immunostimulatory properties of inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) have long been investigated in different animal species and experimental settings. In this study, we investigated the effects of iPPVO on cytokine expression in mice after intraperitoneal inoculation. Spleen and sera collected from iPPVO-treated mice at intervals after inoculation were submitted to cytokine mRNA determina...

poverty can have spatial dimensions. while general figures might show the spatial pattern of poverty, there is a need for more detailed examination of this pattern. relying on simple figures of spatial patterns and ranking regions based on them might be misleading. this paper tries to apply spatial analysis methodsm, namely spatial autoregressive models to find out the impacts of space on the h...