the zarankiewicz number z(b; s) is the maximum size of a subgraph of kb,b which does not contain ks,s as a subgraph. the two-color bipartite ramsey number b(s, t) is the smallest integer b such that any coloring of the edges of kb,b with two colors contains a ks,s in the rst color or a kt,t in the second color.in this work, we design and exploit a computational method for bounding and computin...

data obtained in association with many real-life random experiments from different fields cannot be perfectly/exactly quantified.hspace{.1cm}often the underlying imprecision can be suitably described in terms of fuzzy numbers/values. for these random experiments, the scale of fuzzy numbers/values enables to capture more variability and subjectivity than that of categorical data, and more accura...

abstract this study reviews the direct and indirect effects of higher energy and bread prices (due to removing their subsidies and paying their equivalent in cash instead). therefore, all consumer goods were classified into 6 groups and a linear expenditure system was estimated based on households’ budget data of 2009 and 2011 for urban and rural areas separately. the results indicate that high...

in this paper, by using a new approach on distance between two fuzzy numbers, we construct a new ranking system for fuzzy number which is very realistic and also matching our intuition as the crisp ranking system on r.

This paper analyzes a class of stochastic endogenous growth models with uninsurable idiosyncratic income risk. The model economy is populated by infinitely-lived households who own and operate their own business, work for a stock company, and participate in stock and bond markets. Households have timeand state-additive log-utility preferences and production functions exhibit constant returns to...

BACKGROUND An excess mortality of nearly 100 000 deaths was reported in Iraq for the period March, 2003-September, 2004, attributed to the invasion of Iraq. Our aim was to update this estimate. METHODS Between May and July, 2006, we did a national cross-sectional cluster sample survey of mortality in Iraq. 50 clusters were randomly selected from 16 Governorates, with every cluster consisting ...

BACKGROUND In 2011/12 approximately 2.3 million children, 17% of children in the UK, were estimated to be in relative poverty. Cigarette smoking is expensive and places an additional burden on household budgets, and is strongly associated with socioeconomic deprivation. The aim of this study was to provide an illustrative first estimate of the extent to which parental smoking exacerbates child ...

BACKGROUND Rapid demographic ageing will soon lead to large increases in the numbers of persons with dementia in developing countries. This study is the first comprehensive assessment of care arrangements for people with dementia in those regions. METHODS A descriptive and comparative study of dementia care; caregiver characteristics, the nature of care provided, and the practical, psychologi...

Three distinct but related concepts have been used to estimate the numbers of people affected by hunger and to analyze the global food situation: food shortage, food poverty, and food deprivation. They focus on different aspects of the phenomenon of hunger and different levels of aggregation involved in its study. Food shortage occurs when total food supplies within a designated area--the world...

BACKGROUND Around the world, cities are dealing with growing numbers of international migrants (IMs). Many migrants are likely to have encountered exceptional challenges through the migration process, with implications for their health. Nevertheless, studies conducted in several developed countries point to a pattern of better health in migrant groups--the 'healthy migrant' effect. However, lit...